Summer cold drink house (multiple cute)-lift the veil of mysterious color management

(This article is an original article from Bisheng. It is forbidden to reprint, and reprinting must be corrected)

Almost all magazines and almost every printed website have an introduction and a number about color management. It looks more like a dinner that requires labor and diligence. Compared to the dinner, I prefer the lively atmosphere in the cold drink room.

Summer is here, we do n’t want to be like everyone else, please invite everyone to dinner, and make the “color management” like steak or smoked chicken. If you want to eat it, there are so many things to learn, let ’s not even expect to know these dishes How it was done. Now I just want to tell you that "color management" is actually "cute" (chocolate cone ice cream). You just need to remove that layer of wrapping paper and you can eat it. Is it easy?

Okay, let's get started.

Headache problem

Let ’s put aside the question of what makes color management such a headache. Let ’s take a look at the problem we encountered: my girlfriend ’s picture, I want to scan it to my computer, so that she can smile at me on my monitor every day, but after the work is completed, I am very disappointed Because I got a picture on the computer with a scanner that is very different from the color of my original photo, of course that was not what I wanted to happen.

Then, I made a lot of adjustments to this picture, including color, tone, etc., and finally she could see it, so I emailed it to my brother. Soon, I received a call from my brother: your girlfriend's face is not good. But the face of my girlfriend's photo on my monitor still handles it?

I think it is his monitor problem? Simply tell him to use a better printer to print a picture to see, by the way his mother can see it. As a result, my mother called to express her anxiety, saying that my girlfriend should go to the hospital to see.

Scanner → Monitor → Printer, I believe you may have encountered the same problem, so where is our problem?

Color or color

Let ’s take a bite of cuteness first. You must be able to notice that it is brown and chocolate. Remember what color we peeled off just now? It is still brown, but this color is printed on paper with ink.

As we saw above, scanners, monitors, and printers can all display colors, but the way of displaying colors is different from the medium (we do n’t want to discuss the issue of LEDs or printer color materials). This will directly lead to the color differences we see, which are objectively present. The same problem often occurs in digital cameras, proofers, printing presses, etc. where many colors need to be displayed.

Color range

We imagine dividing the color into a limited number, and then imagine using different containers to hold it. All the instruments we mentioned above, including computer monitors, digital cameras, photos, printing machines, scanners, printers, etc., can be Is a container. Through many experiments of many people (who's experiment is not the content of this relaxed topic today), we all found that they contain different amounts of colors, which is like the "more cute" cold drink house, the egg tube is installed Less, and if it is a plastic box, there is more ice cream.

When we want to transfer the colors that once appeared in one device to another, we are likely to encounter a problem similar to putting the big tube cute in the small tube, how to put it? Will some colors be lost? We will put this problem here first, and you will find out how the problem is solved in a moment.

Color description

When the cuteness is over, you might want to order another ice cream, Mengniu? Is it German? Well, I want Mengniu's, and I will give you Deshi's. I will tell you that Mengniu is very sweet. You said it is impossible. The last time you ate Mengniu, it was not too sweet. At this time, you told me that your Deutsche's is okay, but it's a bit light.

The same is true of the color problem. There are always such problems between different devices. Each manufacturer has different standards. Even if everyone wants to get the best, what is the best? This is a subjective judgment. Just like the question of whether the ice cream is sweet or light just now. So is there any way for us to have a unified standard to evaluate color?

The International Lighting Commission provides us with such a standard: CIE color system (the system is not a system, there are CIELAB and CIEXYZ, etc., these are the content of the next part, we only need to know that such a standard exists), this The standard is recognized by almost everyone. This is just like which of the German and Mengniu we mentioned earlier is actually sweeter. In fact, we only need to compare it with the "more cute" we have just eaten. Is it sweeter or lighter than "more cute"? The problem is solved.

Color management

Finally, we brought the problem to this problem that caused us headaches. In fact, even if you do n’t understand the color theory at all, you will find that after eating the ice cream mentioned above, what we have to do is to convert the color of any device to something like "cute" so everyone has eaten it. When the same concept is accepted, the subjective factors about color begin to become objective. Of course, this standard is recognized, and "CIE" is just like our "more cute", everyone understands.

The language "Mengniu is much sweeter than cute" is clearly understood by everyone, so the problem of color also needs a similar language to describe information such as the relationship between our different devices and CIE. This is the "PROFILE" file we are going to present. How exactly does its content be expressed? Let's not delve into it. We just need to know that it is a language that describes the color characteristics of our equipment according to standards such as CIE.

ICC PROFILE

I hate English, but the name is like this, just like an ice cream "DQ".

Above we said that PROFILE is a file that describes the color of the device according to our recognized color, and he is formed according to the language. Speaking of language, when troubles arise, will there be dialects? Can a device use PROFILE to recognize other devices? This is also an important reason why early color management cannot be carried out well.

In 1993, an international organization called ICC (International Color Consortium, initiated by the first major international electronics and computer companies) did such a job to agree on ICC's PROFILE as a standard language, as more companies joined Today, ICC PROFILE has become a truly universal language.

Color transfer process

I think through the above, the whole process starts to become uncomplicated: color 1 → PROFILE1 → CIE → PROFILE2 → color 2

have you seen it? PROFILE has become a bridge, just like what we just said "Mengniu is sweeter than cute", he established a connection between color 1 and CIE, making color description more objective and fair, CIE has become the entire management process "Lovely", through his role and PROFILE2 described in color 2, we established the relationship between color 1 and color 2.

In other words, it is enough to create a PROFILE for one of your devices. In the same way, we can connect almost all devices.

True core

Let ’s return the question to the photos we mentioned at the beginning of the article. Please note that this will be the only place in this article that requires your careful understanding.

We put the photo into the computer with a scanner. This process requires color transmission. The color range of the photo is very different from what the scanner can feel (remember that it is felt by the device, not the human eye). This is The first reason that caused us to see the color change at the beginning.

All we have to do is create an ICC PROFILE file for the scanner to describe the color characteristics of the scanner (because the color displayed by the monitor is not really described by the scanner, we cannot see what the color the scanner feels like, But we know that it is impossible to let the scanner feel all the colors), this PROFILE not only includes the color characteristics of the scanner, but also includes the way we want to get the most ideal color (the most similar to the scanned photo), When the scanner cannot accurately describe the color of the photo, we want the scanner to describe it.

When we see this photo from the computer monitor, in fact, the color on our photo has been transferred for the second time, then we need to make a PROFILE file for our monitor as well. This PROFILE also contains When the monitor cannot describe the color of the scanned photo correctly, how do we deal with such color.

By this time, we have obtained two PROFILE files, one for the display and one for the scanner. Let's take a look at the following process to understand what we are going to do: photo → PROFILE of the scanner → scanner → PROFILE of the scanner → PROFILE of the display → display

In this process, we ignore that the reason for CIE is relative to the description of CIE. PROFILE and software have already completed these processes for us.

Next we can create different PROFILE files for other monitors, printers and even printing presses. This solves the problem of color transfer between devices. These problems also include the problem of how colors are processed when color rendering cannot be achieved.

Aftertaste

I'm talking about it constantly, but actually I want to explain the following questions:

The color is described by the device. Different devices are described in different ways. In order to have the same standard between devices, we introduced the CIE standard. We let PROFILE establish a bridge that describes the color of the device and CIE. Through the PROFILE we established for each device, we can Controllable transfer of colors between devices.

More questions

There are actually many questions waiting to be clarified:

How is PROFILE created?
What is the whole process of building a PROFILE?
How to use the PROFILE files we have already made?
What is the deep structure of color management?
How is PROFILE analyzed?

There are many and many problems, but if you have understood the things introduced in this article, the above problems will be easily solved. Please reminisce about the “cute”, Mengniu, Dessert ice cream we have eaten today, if you want to be really right Your device has more accurate color transmission. If you do n’t want your girlfriend ’s photo to worry your mother, then please continue to follow our color management introduction!

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