Solve the problem of wastewater in beer production

In addition to consuming large amounts of energy and food, alcoholic beverages also require a large amount of organic wastewater. When these waste waters are discharged into water bodies, they will consume a lot of dissolved oxygen, which will cause serious pollution of the water environment. Beer is a major emitter of wastewater and pollutants in the wine industry. Relevant departments estimated that the national beer wastewater discharge in 2002 was about 270 million m3, accounting for 1.3% of the total industrial wastewater discharge in the country.

It is predicted that by 2010, the beer industry will increase production by about 1 million tons per year. In the beer production process where the output increases year after year, wastewater is discharged from each process. In addition to the solid waste and dust discharged at the same time, the main sources of the brewer's wastewater are: saccharification during the saccharification process, filtration of washing water, and fermentation. The process of fermentation tanks, pipe washing, filtering washing water; filling process bottle washing, sterilization, broken bottles of beer and cooling water. In addition to the waste water discharged from the beer production process, the power department also discharges cooling water. Among them, the flushing water discharged from the packaging process is a low-concentration organic wastewater. The wastewater discharged from the brewing process has a high concentration of general pollutants and is a high-concentration organic wastewater. If 10 tons of beer waste water is calculated, the average annual new wastewater volume is 10 million m3. This means that before 2010, with the increase of beer production in China, the simultaneous increase in the amount of brewery wastewater will inevitably increase the level of environmental pollution.

Saccharification, fermentation, filtration, and filling are the main processes for beer production. Solid waste and wastewater are generated in each process. For the control of beer wastewater pollution, the main technologies used include aerobic biological treatment, anaerobic biological treatment, aerobic and anaerobic combined biological treatment and other methods. These wastewater treatment methods can effectively remove the pollutants from the brewery wastewater and reduce or eliminate the harm to the environment of the brewery wastewater. Judging from the devices currently in operation in our country, the most widely used is anaerobic and aerobic combined biological treatment. Aerobic biological treatment often uses activated sludge method and its improved form and biological contact oxidation method; in addition to traditional digestive tank applications, some new technologies have been widely used in beer production wastewater treatment.

The activated sludge process is the most used and reliable operation method for treating low-concentration organic wastewater. Compared with biofilm and other biofilm methods, this method has the advantages of small area and good treatment effect, and is suitable for large and medium-sized urban breweries. According to the survey, Guangzhou Shengli Brewery Co., Ltd., Wenzhou Golden Lion Brewery Co., Ltd., Zhujiang Kirin Uniform Brewery Co., Ltd. and Anshan China Resources Brewery Co., Ltd. all adopted the activated sludge method. The disadvantage of the activated sludge process is that sludge swelling occurs during operation, sludge production is high, handling is troublesome, and shock loads are not available, and infrastructure operating costs are also high.

The batch activated sludge process (SBR process) has been used in the treatment of brewery wastewater. The SBR process can effectively remove organic pollutants from the brewery wastewater. When the influent COD concentration is 1000mg/L-2000mg/L, after treatment, The effluent can reach the primary or secondary standard of comprehensive wastewater discharge. The method is characterized in that the influent, aeration, sedimentation and drainage are all completed in a single tank. The wastewater is treated in batches and the operation is flexible. The sludge can be effectively inhibited from swell, the remaining sludge is small, and the concentration and dewatering performance is good. Impact load, stable operation, low cost of infrastructure operation. Compared with the conventional activated sludge process, under the premise of the same water quality, using the SBR method, infrastructure investment, operating costs and floor space can be reduced by about 20%. At present, Beijing Yanjing Beer Group adopts the SBR method to treat brewery wastewater.

It is reported that the wastewater treatment facility of Beijing Yanjing Beer Group is not a newly developed brewery wastewater treatment technology, but in fact, the water quality of the effluent is much better than the current emission standards, and the treatment cost is only about 0.7 yuan/m3. According to the experience of the plant, the effluent of the sewage treatment plant can reach the standard. In addition to the necessary biochemical treatment facilities, it must also have professional engineering and technical management personnel. Otherwise, even with advanced wastewater treatment facilities, it is difficult to operate normally, and the quality of effluent water is also difficult to achieve.

In the late 1960s, anaerobic filters, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, and two-phase anaerobic digestion processes emerged in the world with their high volumetric loading rates and short hydraulic retention times. It is called the second-generation anaerobic reactor by the company. The second-generation anaerobic reactor is suitable for the treatment of brewery wastewater, and the anaerobic digestion process is similar to beer brewing and fermentation production processes, and is easily grasped by beer companies. In addition, before the aerobic biological treatment process, the use of anaerobic hydrolysis as a pretreatment, it is very advantageous to reduce the aerobic biological treatment load, improve the biodegradability of wastewater and organic matter removal rate, reduce the sludge production rate.

In short, the only way to increase production and reduce pollution is to accelerate the transformation and treatment of old enterprises, increase the scale effect of the beer industry, and effectively control the emissions of new sources of pollution and pollutants.