Recently, the research group of Professor Zhou Rongbin / Jiang Wei of the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and Professor Tian Zhigang's research group have revealed a new mechanism for the pattern recognition receptor NOD2 to maintain the steady state of intestinal mucosa. Relevant research results have been published online in the Journal of Experimental Medicine recently under the title "Recognition of gut microbiota by NOD2 is essential for the homeostasis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes".
NOD2 as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor plays an important role in the body's immune system against intracellular bacterial infection. In addition, NOD2 is also the earliest discovered susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease. The incidence of Crohn's disease in people with NOD2 mutants will increase significantly, but the mechanism by which NOD2 polymorphism affects Crohn's disease is unclear .
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), as the first line of defense for intestinal mucosal immunity, play an important role in maintaining the balance of intestinal mucosa. This study found that the number of IEL was significantly reduced in Nod2-deficient mice, but no significant change in other NOD-like receptor family protein-deficient mice. Further research shows that NOD2 maintains the stability of IEL in the intestine by recognizing intestinal commensal bacteria and the IL-15 produced by its activation; Nod2-deficient mice are more prone to enteritis than wild-type mice. The source of IEL can alleviate the damage of enteritis in mice, indicating that the lack of IEL is an important cause of Nod2-deficient mice prone to enteritis. This study not only helps to understand the development and differentiation of IEL and to maintain the homeostasis process, but also suggests that the intestinal insufficiency caused by IEL deficiency may be a potential cause of people with NOD2 mutants prone to Crohn. Provide new ideas for the treatment of the disease.
This research was supported by projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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