Source: billion euros
The promotion of logistics standardization is not only the formulation of logistics standards, but also the focus should be on the “chemicalization†of logistics standards.
I. Logistics standards and logistics standardization
Although many people know that the concept of standard and standardization is different, in practice, the difference between the two is often confused, the standard is equated with standardization, and the standard is the core work of standardization. Even if the national authorities reward the advanced people with outstanding contributions, the core evaluation is often to see how many standards are compiled, rather than what contribution to promote the promotion and application of standards.
The promotion of logistics standardization is not only the formulation of logistics standards, but also the focus should be on the “chemicalization†of logistics standards. The word "化" is a dagger on the side of the head of the Ministry of Human Rights, which indicates that this is a normative and mandatory act. Logistics standardization focuses on the promotion and application of standards. If necessary, it even needs to be mandatory. It is not the preparation of many standards to achieve the goal of logistics standardization!
The focus of logistics standardization is on enterprises, and enterprises are the core of standardization and the leading force for promoting standardization. The enterprise standard in the logistics standardization work is also the main body of promotion and application. In the logistics standard system implemented by enterprises, the standards and norms established by the enterprises themselves often account for more than 70%.
At the national level to promote logistics standardization work, the most important three points of concern are: safety, compulsory, basic, in which safety and mandatory standards are often supervised and implemented by specialized state regulatory agencies. The focus of logistics management and guidance departments at the national level to promote logistics standardization should be the basic standards of logistics.
As for how to evaluate the standard level, in actual work, the enterprise standard is often the most demanding, especially for some standards that require technical indicators. Good companies often implement enterprise standards that are higher than national standards. At the standard level of the industry, As industry standards require that all industries should be able to meet the requirements, standard indicators will have some compromises, and their requirements will be worse. At the national level, standard indicators should meet the requirements of national enterprises, and their requirements can even be lower than industry standards. Claim.
Many people in this standard level evaluation have misunderstandings. They often feel that the national standard level is the highest, the industry is second, and the enterprise standard level is the lowest. They always feel that raising their own standards to the national standard level means that the enterprise standard level is high.
Second, the path of logistics standardization
The national logistics standard system is formulated according to the three dimensions of function, object and industry category. According to the China Logistics Standards Catalog Manual issued by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing in 2018, the current national logistics industry system table shows the countries, industries and places. There are already 1,093 logistics standards compiled, which are already many and perfect.
Three dimensions of China's logistics standard system
Graphic: Three dimensions of China's logistics standards system
However, at present, the logistics industry generally believes that China's logistics standardization level is very low, and there are no standards to follow in many aspects, so they have to promote the formulation of new standards. If you look at logistics companies, how many of the 1093 logistics standards have been applied in practice, and there are very few estimates. Most of the logistics standards are just files in the archives. This is a phenomenon worthy of attention.
Standardization is the main driving force for China's logistics innovation and standardized development. General leaders Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang, and Chairman Wang Yang have proposed to vigorously promote logistics standardization on various occasions, and put logistics standardization at the top of logistics work. It is the key issue that has captured the development of China's logistics.
How to “reform†logistics standards? How to improve the level of China's logistics standardization as soon as possible? In recent years, relevant departments of the state have also carried out a lot of research and done a lot of promotion work. The most effective one is that China is a business that is vigorously promoted by the Ministry of Commerce and other departments. Special action plan for logistics standardization. The facts of the plan have explored a best promotion path for China's logistics standardization. It has achieved great achievements and won universal praise from the company, which is worthy of summarization and publicity.
When the Ministry of Commerce promotes the standardization of business logistics, it faces more than one thousand logistics standards. There is no beard and eyebrows. It is not the main line for the preparation of logistics standards, but the important basic standards for promotion and application. The government is active and promising. Focus on solving the problem of market failure in logistics standardization, and at the same time let the market play a decisive role, activate the market mechanism system and promote logistics standardization.
The specific method is to use the pallet as the starting point, formulate a special action plan for the standardization of business and trade logistics, start from the standardization of the logistics object “objectâ€, take the single stream as the main line, and adopt the tray standard as the basic core standard, and focus on promoting the logistics warehouse. In the process of storage, distribution, moving and picking, the car, the turnover box, the product packaging, the logistics packaging, the warehousing or the logistics standard size and the pallet standard are coordinated, and the pallet standard is used as the starting point to solve the unified problem of the basic standard in the logistics operation. On this basis, the system promotes the standardization of trade logistics. This work policy embodies the purpose of grasping key points, key breakthroughs, point-to-face, and systematic advancement. It is very correct.
We know that the logistics operation object is “objectâ€, and the logistics operation object “object†is very strange. If the logistics operation object “object†is not standardized and classified through logistics packaging, the logistics operation will be complicated and complicated, and the logistics system is difficult to interconnect and communicate. Hard to improve. However, how to standardize logistics operations, in the face of unpredictable and strange things, it is obviously not feasible to enforce the uniform packaging specification standards, because there are always exceptions in the market; but laissez-faire, pure market self-regulation, most can be standardized It is difficult for the logistics category to unify the product packaging modulus. The specifications of the logistics operation objects are confusing, and it is difficult to palletize, store, transport, and distribute. Finally, a variety of specification systems are formed, and it is difficult to connect the logistics systems, and the logistics operation efficiency is always difficult to improve. This is the key to market failure and the key to logistics efficiency. Therefore, the standard of “material†in logistics is the most basic standard of logistics, which requires the government to actively solve this problem. According to this idea, considering that the logistics orders exchanged between the logistics systems are generally pallets, it is the key to grasp the standardization of pallets.
The promotion path of trade logistics standardization is as follows:
1. Standardization of materials: standardize pallets as a starting point, and promote the standardization of standards and standards for pallets, logistics turnover boxes, shelves, vehicle compartments, containers, product packaging modules, etc., and greatly improve logistics efficiency;
2. Standardization of flow: On the basis of single standardization of materials, the logistics order is used as a metering list, information sheet and order form to promote the transportation of the belt and the distribution of the goods; and promote the standardization of the logistics operation process, service process and business process.
3. Standardization of the chain: On the basis of the standardization of “things†and “flowsâ€, through the single unified standard code of “objectsâ€, it solves the disorderly information and information islands in the logistics information field brought by the “code†Pentium. The problem is to promote the integration of logistics, capital flow and information flow in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, and to promote the standardization of the supply chain;
4. Standardization of the network: Logistics is the basic network linking manufacturing and customer terminals. On the basis of standardization of materials, standardization of logistics, and standardization of chains, logistics standards and production standards and circulation standards are connected to realize logistics industry and manufacturing. The information integration of industry and trade circulation industry promotes the standardization of smart logistics network.
Third, the status quo of logistics standardization
Since the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Standards Committee began to comprehensively promote the business and logistics standardization action plan at the end of 2014, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments have started from the standardization of materials, and gradually deepened the standardization of the flow and the standardization of the chain, achieving a footprint of one year. One year of progress, gradual development, and systematic advancement, received positive response and strong support from enterprises and local administrative departments, and achieved great social and economic benefits. The advancement of logistics basic standards has truly become a century-old plan and a millennium plan, and its impact on the future is immeasurable.
Under the overall promotion of the Ministry of Commerce and other departments, the proportion of standard pallets in the country has risen sharply. The logistics system standards of many upstream and downstream logistics and logistics enterprises have begun to be connected and unified, which has led to the improvement of the packaging modules of some manufacturing enterprises to adapt to logistics. Pallet transportation, storage and handling; with the development of trade logistics standardization, it also promoted the integration and coordination of industry standards of postal and other departments and pallet standards; promoted the revision of the internal and external dimensions of national transportation vehicles, and achieved the connection with pallet standards; The synergy and unification of China's land transport container standard size and pallet transport standards; promoted the development of single stream logistics and logistics standardization of railway systems; and so on.
Of course, we know that the application of basic standards is very difficult, involving different departments and fields, involving upstream and downstream enterprises, involving different stakeholders, involving the transformation of enterprise logistics systems. At present, the standardization of trade logistics has just started, the proportion of standard pallets is still very low, and the proportion of transportation with belts is lower. Logistics standardization has a long way to go.
The basic logistics standards involve logistics upstream and downstream enterprises. It is a system engineering. The enterprise itself cannot advance. The spontaneous regulation of the market will bring about different basic standards and chaos, which makes it difficult to interconnect and integrate logistics systems. The pattern of interests that is difficult to change, like the inconsistency of railway track standards, will become a permanent pain point in logistics operations and cannot be solved. This work must be organized and promoted by the government. With the continuous deepening of the basic work of logistics standardization, the market forces can play a role when the logistics standards of all links in the society are gradually coordinated and unified. For example, when the enterprise packaging modulus and the pallet standard are coordinated, the logistics cost reduction of the manufacturing enterprise product circulation will be reduced, and the standardization of the product packaging modulus will be promoted; when the vehicle interior and exterior dimensions are suitable for the transportation of the carrier, the lifting can be greatly improved. After the logistics efficiency, it will promote the development of the carrier transportation;
After several years of promotion of trade logistics standardization, to what extent has China's logistics standardization been developed? From the perspective of the state promotion, it has been singular standards of materials, interoperability standards for flows, and three-way integration of chains and enterprises. With the development of collaborative standards, single-standard logistics and pallet standardization have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The standards for interconnection and interoperability are being opened. The supply chain system in the commerce and trade sector is being established on the basis of logistics standardization, and logistics standardization has achieved tangible achievements. The following are discussed separately:
First, from the perspective of the standardization of “materialsâ€: ​​pallet standardization has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The Ministry of Commerce and the 10 departments have issued the “Promoting Standardized Tray Development Single Logistics†document, and many policy documents on logistics in various departments of the country will also be palletized. Standard and simplified logistics related content is included in the documentation requirements. The majority of logistics companies have also recognized the importance of pallet standardization and began to promote pallet standardization spontaneously. The great progress in promoting the standardization of pallets has also brought huge development opportunities to pallet leasing companies. The total number of standard pallets for leasing pallet pools in the current market of China Merchants Lukai has exceeded 10 million. Small and medium-sized pallet leasing companies in various regions have established themselves, based on local Standard pallet rental service for the market.
In addition, the standardized logistics containers (baskets) and other single vehicles have also achieved great development in the market. Wholesale fresh fruits and vegetables wholesale and retail enterprises have greatly improved the logistics efficiency and reduced the loss of fresh fruits and vegetables by leasing logistics turnover baskets. Many manufacturing companies use standardized revolving boxes to improve logistics and supply chain efficiency and logistics costs.
Secondly, from the standardization aspect of “flowâ€: the transportation of the carrier has been recognized by many enterprises. The standard pallet circulation sharing has driven the ordering according to the order, the delivery according to the delivery, the delivery of the goods is free of inspection, and the logistics process is promoted quickly and seamlessly. Connect. Through the logistics list as the final traceback, it also promoted the interconnection of logistics information and promoted the development of smart logistics.
Thirdly, from the perspective of the standardization of “chainâ€: the standardization of “chain†is the core content of the construction of supply chain system. In the past two years, the Ministry of Commerce has vigorously promoted the unification and standardization of logistics coding through the construction of a strong supply chain system, through the adoption of GS1 coding. Standards, assigning logistics standard orders, is equivalent to setting a uniform rule ID card for the logistics order, thus unifying the phenomenon of “10,000 yards of Pentium†in which the items of logistics are not uniform. On the basis of unified coding, the realization of the logistics list based on the standard logistics list, logistics measurement list, logistics order form, logistics operation order, thus achieving the four-in-one and efficient coordination of the upstream and downstream of the supply chain. .
Fourth, the problems and promotion measures of trade logistics standardization
Although China's logistics standardization work has achieved great results, it still has a long way to go. There are still many problems, and the promotion of trade logistics standardization is always on the road.
1. Standardization aspects of “thingsâ€:
There are problems: First of all, in the standardization of “materialsâ€, the proportion of standardized pallets is not high. Some pilot enterprises' standard pallet leasing is limited to self-use and static leasing, which is not conducive to the development of upstream and downstream logistics standardization. Some enterprises have realized the circulation of pallets in the area through leased pallets and belt transport in a certain logistics area, realizing the ordering by pallets and delivery of stores, but the circulation sharing of standard pallets is still limited to the local area. There is not much sharing of pallets across regions. A similar situation exists in the application of the single logistics basket.
In addition, due to the appearance and size design of the logistics object “objectâ€, the product packaging size design focuses on the manufacturing industry. Although the Ministry of Commerce has vigorously promoted, some enterprises have been affected to modify the product packaging design and let the product packaging design modulus Cooperating with the pallet standard, it is convenient for product stacking and palletizing, and it is convenient to apply standardized pallets. However, this situation is still an individual case. If logistics standardization is not promoted from the source: product packaging design, it will also affect the in-depth development of logistics standardization.
In the field of logistics standardization services, the closed-type pallet leasing companies are developing rapidly, and many regional small leasing companies have created and gained business opportunities. However, the closed pallet leasing system is established by the enterprise. It is difficult to establish a wide-coverage pallet leasing network. In the second, third and fourth-tier cities, large leasing companies are not willing to set up outlets in consideration of economic benefits, and regional small leasing companies provide leasing services locally. When the transport is carried out across the area, only disposable trays can be used, and small businesses lack the recycling capacity of cross-regional pallet rental.
Suggest the next step to promote measures:
First, vigorously promote the multimodal transport and integrated transport of the transport, and vigorously develop the transport of the transport in the railway transport; the rail transport sector can greatly expand the economic distance of transport by pallets, and can improve multimodal transport and rail transport. Loading and unloading efficiency;
The second is to fully implement the spirit of the document “Promoting Standardized Tray Development and Simplified Logistics†issued by the 10 ministries and commissions, and connecting with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, vigorously promoting the standardization of product packaging modules in the process of developing modern manufacturing, and promoting logistics standardization from the source; The internal standardization of manufacturing enterprises is also very important, and it is also the basis for improving the efficiency of manufacturing logistics. There is a large market base and development space, and the application of manufacturing standard pallets and logistics turnover boxes needs to be promoted.
The third is to actively promote the construction of a socialized open tray and turnover box (basket) circulation system, unify the standards of quality, inspection, exchange and evaluation of open standard pallets. On this basis, establish a Chinese open pallet circulation sharing system to improve The network coverage of the pallet cycle sharing system. Regional small and medium-sized leasing companies need to join the open pallet recycling system through the form of China Business Logistics Standardization Alliance. They can continue to promote standard pallet leasing in the local area. The inter-regional transport pallets can pass through the open system, and the small and medium-sized leasing companies in different places. Recycling and re-leasing, using exchange form to realize the exchange of off-site pallets, the difference in the number of pallets exchanged in different places, according to the evaluation criteria and the operating rules of the open pallet circulation system, the unified evaluation and settlement according to the value of second-hand pallets.
Fourth, considering the difference and size of the goods, on the basis of the standardization of trade logistics, on the basis of the principle of singularization and standardization, according to the actual situation of the actual product, on the basis of conforming to the standardized pallet size modulus, the semi-tray can be promoted. And large (double) tray applications.
I think that the above measures should be the most important measure to establish an open tray circulation system.
2. Standardization aspects of "flow":
There is a problem: in the standardization of “flowâ€, the main problem at present is the connection standard of the logistics system. The main problems of physical logistics connection and interconnection are reflected in the standard connection between different modes of transportation, the standard connection between logistics and business flow, and the connection between logistics and manufacturing standards.
Suggest the next step to promote measures:
First, combining the characteristics of the industry and products, promoting the combination of product characteristics and industry characteristics, establishing the TIHI standard for pallet stacking in transport, and promoting the development of the carrier transport through the unification of TIHI standards;
Second, starting from the logistics source manufacturing industry, combined with the construction of the supply chain system in the commerce and trade sector, comprehensively promote the convergence of the single-standard logistics standards in the manufacturing, logistics and distribution industries, and open up the “intestinal obstruction†in the flow of physical logistics.
I think TIHI standardization can be the most important promotion measure in the above measures.
3. Standardization aspects of "chain"
According to the spirit of the documents issued by the State Council and various ministries, the important goal of promoting the construction of the supply chain system is to achieve efficient coordination of the supply chain. Logistics standardization is the most important basis for promoting efficient coordination in the supply chain. After years of promotion of logistics standardization, standard pallets and totes are used for ordering, billing, receipt and delivery of standard orders, and the global unified coding mark (GS1) is used as the logistics single code standard, which promotes pallets and totes. Packaging one-way data sheets and data node development to promote the integration of logistics, information flow and capital flow in the supply chain. However, after the realization of the three-stream integration, it is more important to realize the smooth transmission of information and data, which is embodied in the standardization of logistics information.
There is a problem: in the standardization of logistics information, the current e-commerce field has completely opened up the information flow interconnection of e-commerce logistics system through electronic face-to-face and one-to-one, which greatly improved the level of logistics informationization and intelligence, but in the contract. In the field of logistics and trade logistics, the standards of logistics documents are chaotic, and the information flow of logistics systems is difficult to interconnect and become the main obstacle to the standardization of trade logistics information.
Due to the traditional ToB logistics field, the order delivery of goods in various links is messy. Not only has the logistics documents been standardized, but also the electronic documents are not realized. The logistics order specifications are different. The data structure of the logistics system cannot be unified. Different logistics information system data The interface can not be unified, the logistics information system is difficult to directly connect to Unicom, and the logistics document information cannot be automatically entered by directly scanning the two-dimensional code on the document.
It is difficult to realize the standardization and electronicization of logistics documents, the interconnection of logistics information flow and the digitization of the entire chain process. Without digitization, what about the networking and intelligence of the logistics chain? How to achieve efficient coordination of the supply chain without networking and intelligence?
Suggest the next step to promote measures:
First, vigorously promote the standardization of trade logistics documents, realize the standard documents in the whole link of logistics, and lay the foundation for all process digitization and all data flow;
Second, vigorously promote the electronicization of business logistics documents. On this basis, improve the data circulation and system docking of logistics and supply chain information systems, and establish a digital supply chain that is smart and efficient.
I believe that the standardization of logistics orders is the most important promotion.
4. Enterprise standardization construction
The above talked about the state and the government to promote the logistics standardization path, and put forward some questions and suggestions. However, as I pointed out in the opening paragraph, the main body of logistics standardization is in the enterprise, the country promotes the unification of logistics basic standards, and lays a foundation for the interconnection and efficient cooperation of logistics systems. The key to real logistics standardization development is enterprise, application is enterprise, innovation is enterprise. And the benefit is the enterprise.
The innovation of standardization of express logistics process promotes the organizational transformation of the express delivery industry, promotes the rapid growth of the express logistics industry; service standard innovations such as the LTL transport sector, promotes the development of fixed-point flights such as the LTL service; and the single-transport mode of the freight industry. Innovation has promoted the rapid development of transportation modes such as small containers, and promoted the change of small container pre-sorting.
After the basic standards of logistics are standardized, enterprises should establish a full range of logistics standard systems and operational specifications within the enterprise according to their own business characteristics, and improve the level and efficiency of enterprise logistics services.
There are problems: At present, China's logistics enterprises have a weak sense of standardization and construction, and there is a misunderstanding of standardization. Most enterprises have not established a perfect standard system for their own enterprises. Although some enterprises attach importance to the construction of their own standards, they also have misunderstandings in standardization. The level is not high, and it is always felt that only when the corporate standards are raised to the national standards. There are also many enterprises. Although many standards and norms have been formulated, they do not pay attention to the application of enterprise standards. The enterprise standards and normative documents are put on the shelves and lack the training, supervision, implementation and assessment of internal standards.
The next step is to recommend key measures:
First, enterprises must first pay attention to the importance of their own standards and normative system construction, vigorously promote enterprise standardization innovation, and promote enterprises to formulate and implement internal standards of enterprises higher than national standards, and make public statements in the market.
Second, it is recommended that enterprises cooperate with national standardization work, link enterprise standards with national standards, and improve the standardization level of enterprises.
The third is to suggest that logistics enterprises promote the visualization of logistics standards in the internal standardization construction, and display the internal standards of the enterprise through the on-site pictures to make the standards visible. In the standard publicity, it is also possible to promote the standardized development of logistics enterprises through video and other forms of vivid publicity standards.
Fourth, encourage enterprises to participate in international and domestic standards system certification such as ISO, and improve the standardization level of enterprises through standardized certification.
Comment: In the standardization of enterprise logistics, visualization of logistics standards is an important measure.
Editor in charge: Ge Hongyan
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