The Present Situation and Development Trend of "Wood Packaging"

1. The development of “generation wood packaging” technologies and products is to protect the limited forest resources and meet the needs of foreign trade exports, in line with the principle of green packaging.
1. China's forest resources are in short supply, and there is a large gap in the production and construction of wood. The import volume has increased year by year, and the consumption of foreign exchange has been staggering.
According to an authoritative department, the total demand for timber in China this year is about 260 million to 280 million m3, and the actual supply is 142 million m3. Between this year and next year, the average annual gap between production and construction materials is up to 3,300. 4300) million m3 between. The structural contradictions of the forestry resources themselves are outstanding. They are manifested as follows: First, the stock volume of near-mature forests has been declining year by year, from 1.96 billion m3 in 1993 to 1.35 billion m3 in 2000, and will be further reduced by 2010. To 875 million m3; Second, the annual import of wood and its products into the 1990s (corresponding to the amount of logs) has increased year by year. Among them, 30% are logs, veneers, and plywood. This is a shortage of large-diameter logs in China. To. In addition, the implementation of natural forest protection projects in China in recent years will also aggravate the contradiction between wood supply and demand in a certain period.
According to the customs statistics on the import of forest trees, the average amount of imported timber and its products in China was 45.80 million in 1995-98, showing an upward trend year by year. In 1999, only the imports of logs and sawn timber increased by 6.4 million compared to 1998. In the first four months of this year, timber imports amounted to 40% of the country's total timber production over the same period.
2. The development of “generation wood packaging” technology and products is an urgent need to meet foreign trade exports.
Wooden packaging is widely used in the packaging of mainframe equipment, instrumentation, hardware tools, diesel engines and other small-scale equipment and sanitary ware and other building materials for its advantages of solidity, moisture resistance, moisture absorption, and easy repairing. It provides protection for the protection of goods and safe transportation. It has also played an active role in China's export trade. However, the phenomenon that wood packaging is easy to carry harmful pests and diseases is getting more and more attention from the countries concerned. In 1998, the United States issued an ordinance that required that all wooden packaging and wooden bedding materials from China must be quarantined and found that illegal goods will be prohibited from entering the country. The promulgation of this decree will affect approximately 18 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese export products (accounting for 1/3-1/2 of China's exports to the U.S.), which will seriously hinder China's export trade to the United States. This year, the European Commission has also proposed to take temporary emergency quarantine measures for wood packaging in four countries, including China, requiring wood packaging to be processed in accordance with EU-specified technical indicators prior to export. Otherwise, member states can Take measures such as refusing entry. This will impede the smooth progress of China's export trade of about US$7 billion to 9 billion U.S. dollars, and will also increase our export burden (flood treatment and other measures and quarantine costs.) In view of this situation, the national immigration inspection and quarantine The six departments including the Bureau and the State Economic and Trade Commission have jointly issued two articles and proposed the countermeasures that China must take. Among them, improvement of packaging and development and production of wood packaging products are urgently needed to be solved.
Therefore, the establishment and implementation of the "generation of wood packaging" technology and product development projects are China's upcoming WTO, integration with international trade, breaking various non-trade barriers, and promoting technical support for export. At the same time, the implementation of the project has significant economic benefits and far-reaching social significance for protecting ecological balance, protecting forest resources, mitigating the increasingly serious imbalance between wood supply and demand, and reducing the consumption of timber for packaging.
2. Overview of related products and technologies at home and abroad 1. Overview of foreign development Wood-based heavy-duty packaging in developed countries includes the use of high-strength multi-story (double-arch) corrugated cartons (box body); non-wood pallets (stands) ; Edge, corner, bottom, top of the reinforced structural materials and non-lignified materials used as septum, liner, filling buffer, positioning, protection, accessories (combined filling part) and other aspects of several aspects, as early as the eighties In the medium term, it entered the stage of widespread commercialization. However, until now, a certain amount of boxes made of processed wood products such as fumigated wooden boxes and plywood have been used. Its technology and equipment have a high level. Divide as follows:
(1) High-strength multi-layer corrugated cardboard boxes for heavy-duty packaging For small and medium-sized wood cartons, three corrugated paperboards (usually seven layers) are generally used, which can be made into heavy-duty crates through automatic production lines and fixedly connected to wooden pallets at the bottom of the box. (In recent years, paper trays and non-wood composite trays have gradually been used.) In the 1950s, the United States invented the structure of a combined heavy-duty carton and used an octagonal clamp pad and a generous head self-tightening screw to fix the bottom and seat (tray) patents (us.pat.No.2469170, etc.) in the 1980s. The initial and mid-term patents were imported into Japan to form Tri-wallpack containers, which can pack heavy goods, special flat-width heavy items, castings, and electromechanical products. For super-major type wood packaging, the composite or composite structure of super-multilayer corrugated cardboard is used. For example, the R exam3 company in the US uses two two-watt seven-layer corrugated paperboards glued together to produce and form a 14-storey, overweight corrugated cardboard box that can withstand large Ford trucks with a load-bearing capacity of over 7.5 tons.
In 1998, the total output of corrugated board in the United States reached 40.30 billion m 2 (11.20 billion â–¡ in China), and the total sales value was 19.53 billion US dollars, of which 0.5-0.6% was three watts or more of corrugated board with a capacity of more than seven layers. It reached 222 million m2. This number alone indicates that not a few but a significant number of American carton plants are making heavy paper cartons. The production speed of their seven-story lines is as high as 155 meters per minute (35 to 45 meters per minute in China) and they are automated.
In the heavy-duty packaging carton, there is also a large carton box made in the shape of an octagonal prism. In addition, an octagonal shallow-shaped bottom and lid are formed into a heavy-duty packaging container after the packaging operation is completed with adhesive. This prevents the multi-layer super-thick cardboard from breaking when the press line is folded into a box to form a right angle. Japan's large container-loaded plastic granular material weighs 3.45 tons (the size of the box is 2.5M in diameter and 2.3M in height).
In addition, the ultra-rigid, high-strength multi-layer corrugated cardboard with vertical interlacing in the corrugated direction overcomes the difference in the direction of the comprehensive strength index and has the advantage of complementary phase strengths. It can be used as a heavy-duty crates and tray bottoms, which can be used in imported goods and Delivery machines and product containers are seen on trays and pallets.
(2) Honeycomb Paperboard It is used as a gasket and separator in heavy-duty packaging boxes, and it is used in cooperation with the inner wall of the box as a wall material for reinforcing the load, as well as for making full-paper trays. Tenneco, Inc. and Ixkalibel Pallet Group Co., Ltd. all have water-repellent honeycomb paperboard full-paper trays, as well as the production and service of buffered protective packaging materials used as box corners and bottoms.
In foreign countries, it is rare to make cardboard cartons. Israel used 8 to 10 mm thick honeycomb paperboard to make packaging boxes for cigarettes, jade and porcelain. Its box equipment and process are the same as the corrugated paper box processing equipment and technology. The processing of thick honeycomb paperboard into boxes is not so convenient. Like the production of honeycomb paperboard, some links are not easy to connect into automatic lines, and high-speed production is not possible. This is because mass production is required for the "profit-making" carton industry. It is inconvenient to obtain the high efficiency of large-scale production.
In spite of this, the speed, performance, and product quality of foreign honeycomb paperboard production lines are still higher than that of domestically-made equipment, and thus the selling price is high. Israel's I, M, and A engineering company's honeycomb paperboard production line is priced at US$1.1 million (9.24 million yuan); the United States OM S is asking for US$1.2 million (10.4 million yuan); Netherlands Dutch Lisheng’s offer is 20 million yuan. set. There are other foreign companies that also have such production lines available, such as Japan, the United Kingdom, Finland and the United States honeycomb paper products technology company.
(3) Wood pallets include honeycomb paperboard trays, pulp molded trays, paper fillers, plastic trays, metal trays, and so on. Together with the packaging box, they are used as a whole for transport packaging and participate in the distribution of goods. This has been a history of more than two decades in foreign countries. Saving resources and protecting the environment are commonplace. Therefore, there are various production lines for pallets (also called seating or pallets) that can be selected by the market. Therefore, the quality and price of the trays are appropriate. We must develop various pallet production technologies and equipments as one of the main contents of innovative technology and product development of “generation wood packaging”.
(4) Paper profiles and other combinations of supporting device paper profiles as protective packaging materials for edge protection, corner protection, protection items, and protective bottoms open up new ways of packaging reduction - so-called "no container packaging", green One of the best examples of packaging is for the enjoyment of the world. All kinds of bulk goods, which only need to protect their edges and corners, do not have to be included in the overall merchandise, are greatly benefited. Industrial countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, France, and Japan have all developed this production line and used it for more than 20 years. There are two lines of imports in China.
The metal corners, box clips, box bottoms and tray attachments and hardware used for heavy cardboard box reinforcement have been developed overseas and have undergone improvement. The use has a history of 30 to 40 years. The octagonal clips and generous head self-tightening screws patented by the United States in the 1950s are still in use in some places.
In addition, there are pulp molded trays for seating on behalf of wood packaging, “paper mold” products for cushioning liners, and non-polluting packaging – using low-grade corn starch foamed particles as cushion fillers, etc., all of which are highly technical. The equipment is used in many countries.
2. The development status and problems of domestic "alternative wood packaging" technology Wood packaging containers and materials are widely used in various industries due to their sturdiness, low cost, ease of processing, and ease of on-site assembly, as well as a certain degree of resistance to rain and soaking. More commonly used in the packaging of large and medium-sized products such as electromechanical products, instruments, instrument cabinets, motorcycles, auto parts, etc., weighing over 500k g, the wooden boxes of small electromechanical equipment, hardware, and sanitary ware are still used earlier. The wooden fixed bases of machine tools and large cans are wooden pallets for winding packaging, as well as filling materials for wooden boxes or carton containers such as bottom trays, partition plates, brackets, fixing accessories, wooden shafts, water wedges, and the like.
Due to the lack of timber resources in China, as early as in the 1970s, machinite concrete (Mishite Concrete) siding was used to replace the large wooden box. In the early 1990s, the packaging industry began a series of research and development, mainly focusing on products such as "paper for wood", "bamboo for wood", "plastic for wood" and other "generation wood packaging" products in household appliances, electromechanical and food products. , Hardware, building materials, chemical and other transportation packaging and sales packaging applications, have a certain effect. At present, there are mainly the following development applications:
(1) Heavy-duty double-arched corrugated cardboard packaging boxes - Under the same structure and number of corrugations, double-layered corrugated base papers are applied to the same single-sided machine after being longitudinally glued together to form a double-arched corrugated medium, and the thickness of the finished cardboard is greater than that of the same layer. The number of corrugated cardboard sheets is reduced, but double-arch high-strength corrugated cardboard boxes with increased rigidity and strength are now commonly used instead of small wooden boxes. Replacement of large wooden boxes is less used because of lack of test basis and related standards. "Chongqing Huaya Paper" took the lead in introducing the U.S. double arch production line with the production capacity of this kind of high strength paperboard. The "Three-A" corrugated structure is called the Tri-Wall heavy-duty crates in Japan to replace wooden boxes. It was also introduced to Italy's China's first Article VII of Changzhou Changzhou Packaging Materials Factory in 1989. Layer (three watts) corrugated cardboard box production line is manufactured. Afterwards, Tianjin, Shanghai and other factories introduced 12 lines of seven-layer lines, including high-grade corrugated cardboard production lines produced in the United States, Germany, and Italy; and domestic seven-layer lines were also developed in the mid-1990s (levels at the end of the 1980s ), 35 units of equipment have been produced and put into operation. It can be said that the production capacity and quality of the multi-layer three-watt high-strength corrugated paperboard used in the “generation wood packaging” can fully meet the needs of the domestic market. Only the lack of experience and high level in the design, use, and testing of the "combination box" composite structure, the supporting assembly and related accessories are not yet studied enough.
(2) bamboo plastic packaging box - mainly replace large water containers. In recent years has begun to apply. The use of bamboo plywood as a heavy-duty equipment box wallboard has achieved good results. However, the application of heavy-duty equipment packaging boxes for load-bearing packaging boards is still in further development experiments.
(3) Various generations of wood pallets were widely used and popularized before and after 1998, and they were particularly fire at ports and port cities. There are honeycomb paperboard trays and corrugated paperboard trays, the former and the latter or the former and the plywood fit together to form a replacement wooden support