When encountering spot color drafting and spot color printing, I occasionally ask the technicians about the theory and method of blending the spot color inks when they make the spot color inks. They all said the same by "experience". My heart is always thinking, how can the deployment "disrupt the chapter"? There is always a basis.
Ink subtractive method
The ink is based on the three primary colors of the colorant, yellow, magenta and cyan. They are all non-luminescent, and their characteristics are to absorb (or subtract) the one-third color light in the white light, and reflect the other two-color light. Yellow, it absorbs (or subtracts) the violet-blue light in white light and reflects the red and green light, and the two colors are combined to produce yellow, magenta absorbs the green light in white light, and cyan absorbs the white light. Red light. Therefore, the three primary colors of ink are called subtractive primary colors (Substractive Primaries or Substractive Primary Colours).
Color characteristics
The nature of ink color depends on: Hue, Saturation and Luminosity. Hue is because the color light reflected by the ink has a certain wavelength in the visible light spectrum. This wavelength is the hue of the ink color or the appearance of the color of an ink. Saturation refers to the purity of the color. When the purity is the highest, it is based on the theory of ink subtractive color method, which absorbs (or subtracts) three-point one-color light and reflects three-point two-color light. Brightness refers to the amount of light reflected off the surface of the ink, which directly produces different levels of light and dark, and the hue of the ink color is unchanged.
The second color is the color added by the primary color ink. Such as red = yellow + magenta, green = yellow + cyan, purple blue = cyan + magenta. When the three primary colors are equalized, it is the gray level in the center. For example, when the primary color ink is mixed with another ink, it has been formed with grayscale and reduced brightness.
Spot color allocation
After measuring the primary color ink with a density meter, draw the picture on the right to check the hue and saturation of the ink, and their relationship. That is, 1: 1 for each of yellow and magenta; 1: 1 for each of yellow, cyan, and 1: 1 for magenta, and cyan respectively, and red, green, and blue-violet are blended, and the three-color equal parts are biased toward black. You can also check the complementary relationship of each color from the picture, such as yellow and purple blue, magenta and green, cyan and red, when the color of the prepared ink has a color shift phenomenon, such as the hue is green, a small amount of magenta and purple blue can be added When adding a small amount of yellow, when reddish, add blue and blue.
The technician can measure and draw the company's existing ink. More base inks, such as primary color inks (Warmred), (Gloss Bronze Blue), (Reflex Blue), (Rhodamine Red) plum, (Green) primary colors green, (Violet) green lotus, fluorescent Yellow 803C, Fluorescent Red 806C, etc., as a basis, it is easier to master and deploy spot color inks when the color gamut is expanded. As for the distribution of lightness, appropriate amounts of transparent and black ink can be added.
The author is engaged in color separation and platemaking, and the above is the concept of color separation. I believe it can be applied to ink color matching. Try and result, please inform the author.
Provisioning environment and precautions
Readers know that when viewing transmissive films or light films, a light box with a color temperature of 5,000K is used, so what about the reflection of manuscripts? It is also inspected at a color temperature of 5,000K, but in fact, many peers will use a color temperature of 6,500K as the inspection standard. But the same ink will produce different color effects under different color temperature light sources. If the total color difference (Color Difference) is greater than 2.0delta-E, the naked eye can already distinguish the difference.
Because the distribution of ink hue is based on the principle of subtractive color method, the equal amount of the three primary colors of ink will be formed black. That is, the primary colors (Primary Colors) are mixed with each other to obtain the secondary colors (Secondary Colors), or the secondary colors are mixed to obtain the tertiary colors (Teritiary Colors), which are much darker than the primary colors. If the color is prepared with the least ink type, the vividness and lightness of the color are better, because the lower the gray scale, the higher the lightness.
For inexperienced technicians, the adjustment of spot color inks tends to be more and more, especially the deployment of dark spot inks. Dark ink is harder to mix than lighter ink. Before blending, the proportion and amount of the primary color ink and secondary color ink should be analyzed, and then the relationship between light and dark should be weighed. The primary color ink should be the focus first, and then the secondary color ink should be added slowly. If the ratio of primary color ink and secondary color ink is 9: 1, and the secondary color ink is first discharged to 1.5, then the primary color ink will be enlarged to 13.5. It becomes 13.5: 1.5 to get the correct color, and the amount of ink increases by 50%.
When the printing factory mixes a small amount of ink, it uses two ink knives to mix. After evenly mixing, it will use a paper strip twisting ink to apply a very small amount of oil to the pink paper strip, and then follow the customer's color sample at the standard 5,000K color temperature Inspection under the light source, and the ink factory will use a mixer and a three-roll ink grinder for mixing and grinding when distributing a large number of spot color inks.
In addition to the accurate hue of the ink, the printability of the ink is also important, such as tack, viscosity, and emulsification rate. The spot color ink remaining after printing can still be adjusted according to the hue of the new manuscript, but the saturation is often gray, especially the remaining ink retrieved from the ink fountain, sometimes emulsification or printing suitability has changed. It is better to make it into black ink or gray ink.
Calculation of ink usage
The general dosage can be based on the following factors: the number of printed sheets, the area covered by the print, the thickness of the picture or text, the thickness of the ink layer, etc., are all proportional, and the paper structure, surface smoothness, volume and specific gravity of the ink itself also affect Its ink consumption. The following figure is tested by a Dutch ink factory (VANSON INK), and a dosage table for proper ink printing is obtained:
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