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The infection of super bacteria may have serious consequences. How serious is it, and no one can tell. Recently, researchers at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom have developed a technique to accurately predict the survival chance of an individual after infection by sequencing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results were published in Nature Microbiology on August 7.
The infection of super bacteria may have serious consequences. How serious is it, and no one can tell. Recently, researchers at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom have developed a technique to accurately predict the survival chance of an individual after infection by sequencing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results were published in Nature Microbiology on August 7.
The researchers analyzed blood samples from 300 patients with sepsis, studied the performance of different MRSA strains, and assessed their lethality. “We for the first time predicted which strains were the most toxic, or most likely to cause disease, and the outcome of the infection,†said Ruth Massey, a research author and author of the study at the University of Bath.
Currently, the super bacteria MRSA has developed resistance to most types of antibiotics. Although S. aureus is a common bacterium that lives on the skin, it can cause sepsis if it enters the body through the wound. It is estimated that millions of sepsis occur each year. There are two main types of MRSA strains in British hospitals, CC22 and CC30.
To study the role of bacteria in this process, Massey and colleagues sequenced the MRSA strain isolated from the patient. They also identified and validated a number of loci that affect the cytotoxicity of bacteria and the expression of biofilm information.
The researchers then correlated this information with each patient's risk factors, including age and other diseases. They noticed whether the patient was still alive after 30 days of infection. If the patient died unfortunately, they also pointed out whether MRSA promoted death. Pairing this information allows researchers to predict with high accuracy the likelihood of an individual's survival after infection with MRSA.
Dr. Massey said: "Our research is important because it is the first time we have collected data from human patients, not just animal models. We have previously found that the most toxic MRSA strain is unlikely to cause sepsis, but Studies have shown that it is more lethal in causing sepsis than other strains. Obviously, we still have a long way to go to understand how this pathogen causes disease."
In addition, the researchers measured the toxicity of MRSA strains (the ability to kill human cells) and their ability to form dangerous biofilms. Biofilm formation occurs when bacteria secrete proteins that bind them together and cover the surface with mucus. Biofilms make it easier for bacteria to evade the patient's immune system and prevent the effects of antibiotics.
They found that the toxicity and biofilm formation ability of the CC22 strain played an important role in the survival of infected patients, and these abilities did not play an important role in the death associated with the CC30 strain. This means that different strains of MRSA may adopt different strategies to deal with host responses and cause varying degrees of health problems.
"Our research shows that the combination of genomics and analytical methods can enhance our understanding of the bacterial pathogenesis at the individual level, which will be an important step towards personalized medicine and infectious disease management," the authors write.
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