Relevant information: GB-18006.1-1999: General Technical Requirements for Disposable Degradable Catering Tools issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. It is a mandatory technical requirement for disposable degradable tableware.
HBC1-2001: The "Technical Requirements for Environmental Products - Disposable Tableware" issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is a technical requirement for the certification of one-off tableware environmental labeling products.
Disposable tableware testing The annual usage of disposable tableware in China is more than 10 billion. According to the product standard GB18006.1, disposable degradable tableware can be divided into cardboard coating type, pulp molding type, vegetable fiber molding type, edible powder molding type, photo-biodegradable type and other types.
In order to make the test methods involved in the product standard-setting process more scientific and accurate, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has approved and formulated a national standard on the biodegradable test methods for environmentally friendly materials and has formed a working group for biodegradable material testing standards (BMSG). ), specializing in the testing of degradable materials, standards, and other information.
At present, there are more than 200 samples of degradable materials that have been tested, including membranes, bags, tableware, etc., involving more than 70 production companies and related units, including 28 light-biodegradable manufacturing companies (PP+ degradable masterbatches. There are 10 plant fiber molding companies, 5 food powder mold production companies, 18 pulp mold production companies, and 6 board coating film production companies. The sample inspection qualification varies with samples and manufacturing companies. And different.
Problems Reflected in the Test (1) Pulp Molding Disposable Tableware Pulp Molding Tableware has a good appearance, and various shapes can be seen in the inspection samples. However, according to GB18006.1-1999 and HBC1-2001, the physical and chemical indicators of hygiene are not easy to pass. In the degradation performance, the mold etching test and the cellulase attack test are easy to pass, but some compost tests are not easy to reach the target.
(2) Plant fiber class One-time degradable tableware Plant fiber tableware has good strength, both inside and outside are smooth and clean, and the main samples are mainly non-covered lunch boxes or trays, and the samples are mainly yellow. However, the detection of evaporation residues and residues of pesticides, aflatoxin, etc. are prone to exceed the standard, and mold erosion and compost degradation tests will be affected by the addition of water repellents, oil repellents, curing agents and other chemical additives.
(3) Light-biodegradable disposable degradable tableware Light-biodegradable tableware is mainly based on polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) or other plastics plus photo-biodegradable type. Such products have the advantages of water resistance, oil resistance, strength, and cleanliness. However, due to the softness of some samples in the submitted samples, the pressure resistance performance does not meet the standard requirements, and cracks and weights are likely to occur after the photodegradation test. The rate of decline in molecular weight does not meet the requirements of the indicator.
(4) Cardboard coating disposable degradable tableware cardboard tableware beautiful appearance, some samples printed on the surface of advertising or other patterns, the test is prone to evaporation residue, heat (oil, water) performance unqualified phenomenon, degradation performance The medium cellulose etching test is easier to pass, and some samples of the compost and poisonous erosion tests cannot meet the standard requirements.
(5) Edible powders, disposable degradable food and beverage utensils, edible powder utensils, evaporation residue can easily exceed the standard, mold erosion, cellulase and compost degradation tests are easy to meet the standard requirements.
(6) Other materials Disposable tableware Other materials not listed in GB18006.1 standard Disposable tableware such as calcium carbonate filled, starch filled, talcum powder filled disposable tableware, if the company conducts inspection according to GB18006.1, It is necessary to move the product to the light-biodegradable or biodegradable tableware specified in the standard, and select a type of tableware that meets its own product for testing. Such as starch-based biodegradable tableware, if according to GB18006.1 test, you can choose to use the credit powder tableware as your own product test basis, and if calcium carbonate filled PP tableware can refer to light - biodegradable tableware for testing.
HBC1-2001 has more standard tableware classification than GB18006.1. It classifies disposable tableware into three categories: biodegradable products such as paper products, edible powder molding, plant fiber molding, etc., photo-biodegradable materials. And easy to recycle materials such as PP, calcium carbonate or talc filled polypropylene tableware, high-impact polystyrene, and so on.
Comprehensive Analysis (1) The national standard GB18006.1-1999 "General technical conditions for disposable degradable tableware" issued by the state compulsory standards for non-strict and one-time degradable tableware was issued on November 19, 1999, January 1, 2000. On the day of implementation, more than a year after implementation, some companies still fail to produce products according to this mandatory standard, resulting in some properties of the product such as performance, degradation performance, and hygienic performance that cannot meet the standard requirements.
(2) The “speculative†mentality of the company is serious The State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 and caused some companies to have a “speculative†mentality. It is simply assumed that once the disposable foam plastic tableware is forbidden to be produced and used, the market demand for degradable tableware will be It is very large, but the market and product production technology research is not enough, blindly put into production, resulting in the plant can not be normal production or even stop production.
(3) The production technology of some alternatives is not over yet. Due to the late development of pulp, vegetable fiber and edible powder molded disposable biodegradable tableware products, the production technology of some products has not yet passed, but some manufacturers have to seize the market. Shares are eager to go public and the quality of products cannot be guaranteed. To solve this problem, related production companies should strengthen product development and improve processing technology.
(4) Enterprises pay insufficient attention to inspection work and their own management Some companies believe that the quality of their own products is relatively stable and they pay insufficient attention to inspection work. However, some companies have not conducted full-quality inspections of products since production. Some companies do not have inspection methods and do not send products to inspection agencies. They just rely on the chest to boast about their products.
(5) The good news The good news is that the vast majority of samples have a heavy metal content (in pb) of <1 mg/L, which meets the requirements of the standard. Fluorescent substances such as paper, plant fiber, and edible powder can also meet the standards. The requirements also reflect that the production companies have begun to attach importance to the quality of heavy metal content in the products and the quality of the fluorescent substances that will cause serious damage to the human body, and they have basically solved these problems technically.
Other issues that need to be reflected 1. Several issues reflected by the company's standards Some paper tableware companies believe that the standard requires excessively high technical indicators for the evaporation residues of paper, plant fibers and edible powders. Other companies believe that the test temperature should be adjusted when the standard tests the temperature resistance of the tableware. Some companies also believe that the standards stipulate that the product type is not comprehensive enough, such as not including light-biodegradable foam plastic tableware, starch-based biodegradable, inorganic-filled tableware (high recovery).
2. Suggestions (1) Strengthen the government's macro-control and make full use of economic levers Due to the shortcomings of various types of disposable biodegradable tableware with insufficient performance and high prices, they cannot meet the needs of the market, but they are forbidden once. The sudden expansion of market demand for substitutes after the use of foam plastic tableware has enabled manufacturers to produce inexpensive and high quality products for the sake of market competition and economic efficiency. At this time, the government should strengthen its macro-control ability and suggest whether it can use economic levers, such as high tax payment methods, to adjust the prices of various products, including disposable foam plastic tableware, so that their prices will remain at the same level, in the market. The demand depends mainly on the company’s legal marketing methods and consumers’ views on usage. The government can use the income from high taxation for the establishment and development of various product degradation technologies, recycling systems, etc., so as to make disposable food and beverages. A healthy and orderly development of the industry.
(2) Improving the quality of the company's own management and diligently practicing internal strength In order to better meet the needs of market competition, enterprises should improve the competitiveness of their products, strengthen product development, strictly control quality, and strengthen corporate management.
(3) Service work to effectively perform quality inspections for enterprises Due to the huge market for disposable tableware, it is bound to prompt many companies to put into production such products. In order to enable enterprises to make better decisions before investing, after production, To better control product quality and produce qualified products, testing organizations will strengthen contact with companies and effectively perform inspection services for enterprises. (National Plastic Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) Production Degradable Materials Testing Standard Working Group Weng Yunxuan) ("Plastic Packaging")
HBC1-2001: The "Technical Requirements for Environmental Products - Disposable Tableware" issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) is a technical requirement for the certification of one-off tableware environmental labeling products.
Disposable tableware testing The annual usage of disposable tableware in China is more than 10 billion. According to the product standard GB18006.1, disposable degradable tableware can be divided into cardboard coating type, pulp molding type, vegetable fiber molding type, edible powder molding type, photo-biodegradable type and other types.
In order to make the test methods involved in the product standard-setting process more scientific and accurate, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has approved and formulated a national standard on the biodegradable test methods for environmentally friendly materials and has formed a working group for biodegradable material testing standards (BMSG). ), specializing in the testing of degradable materials, standards, and other information.
At present, there are more than 200 samples of degradable materials that have been tested, including membranes, bags, tableware, etc., involving more than 70 production companies and related units, including 28 light-biodegradable manufacturing companies (PP+ degradable masterbatches. There are 10 plant fiber molding companies, 5 food powder mold production companies, 18 pulp mold production companies, and 6 board coating film production companies. The sample inspection qualification varies with samples and manufacturing companies. And different.
Problems Reflected in the Test (1) Pulp Molding Disposable Tableware Pulp Molding Tableware has a good appearance, and various shapes can be seen in the inspection samples. However, according to GB18006.1-1999 and HBC1-2001, the physical and chemical indicators of hygiene are not easy to pass. In the degradation performance, the mold etching test and the cellulase attack test are easy to pass, but some compost tests are not easy to reach the target.
(2) Plant fiber class One-time degradable tableware Plant fiber tableware has good strength, both inside and outside are smooth and clean, and the main samples are mainly non-covered lunch boxes or trays, and the samples are mainly yellow. However, the detection of evaporation residues and residues of pesticides, aflatoxin, etc. are prone to exceed the standard, and mold erosion and compost degradation tests will be affected by the addition of water repellents, oil repellents, curing agents and other chemical additives.
(3) Light-biodegradable disposable degradable tableware Light-biodegradable tableware is mainly based on polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) or other plastics plus photo-biodegradable type. Such products have the advantages of water resistance, oil resistance, strength, and cleanliness. However, due to the softness of some samples in the submitted samples, the pressure resistance performance does not meet the standard requirements, and cracks and weights are likely to occur after the photodegradation test. The rate of decline in molecular weight does not meet the requirements of the indicator.
(4) Cardboard coating disposable degradable tableware cardboard tableware beautiful appearance, some samples printed on the surface of advertising or other patterns, the test is prone to evaporation residue, heat (oil, water) performance unqualified phenomenon, degradation performance The medium cellulose etching test is easier to pass, and some samples of the compost and poisonous erosion tests cannot meet the standard requirements.
(5) Edible powders, disposable degradable food and beverage utensils, edible powder utensils, evaporation residue can easily exceed the standard, mold erosion, cellulase and compost degradation tests are easy to meet the standard requirements.
(6) Other materials Disposable tableware Other materials not listed in GB18006.1 standard Disposable tableware such as calcium carbonate filled, starch filled, talcum powder filled disposable tableware, if the company conducts inspection according to GB18006.1, It is necessary to move the product to the light-biodegradable or biodegradable tableware specified in the standard, and select a type of tableware that meets its own product for testing. Such as starch-based biodegradable tableware, if according to GB18006.1 test, you can choose to use the credit powder tableware as your own product test basis, and if calcium carbonate filled PP tableware can refer to light - biodegradable tableware for testing.
HBC1-2001 has more standard tableware classification than GB18006.1. It classifies disposable tableware into three categories: biodegradable products such as paper products, edible powder molding, plant fiber molding, etc., photo-biodegradable materials. And easy to recycle materials such as PP, calcium carbonate or talc filled polypropylene tableware, high-impact polystyrene, and so on.
Comprehensive Analysis (1) The national standard GB18006.1-1999 "General technical conditions for disposable degradable tableware" issued by the state compulsory standards for non-strict and one-time degradable tableware was issued on November 19, 1999, January 1, 2000. On the day of implementation, more than a year after implementation, some companies still fail to produce products according to this mandatory standard, resulting in some properties of the product such as performance, degradation performance, and hygienic performance that cannot meet the standard requirements.
(2) The “speculative†mentality of the company is serious The State Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 and caused some companies to have a “speculative†mentality. It is simply assumed that once the disposable foam plastic tableware is forbidden to be produced and used, the market demand for degradable tableware will be It is very large, but the market and product production technology research is not enough, blindly put into production, resulting in the plant can not be normal production or even stop production.
(3) The production technology of some alternatives is not over yet. Due to the late development of pulp, vegetable fiber and edible powder molded disposable biodegradable tableware products, the production technology of some products has not yet passed, but some manufacturers have to seize the market. Shares are eager to go public and the quality of products cannot be guaranteed. To solve this problem, related production companies should strengthen product development and improve processing technology.
(4) Enterprises pay insufficient attention to inspection work and their own management Some companies believe that the quality of their own products is relatively stable and they pay insufficient attention to inspection work. However, some companies have not conducted full-quality inspections of products since production. Some companies do not have inspection methods and do not send products to inspection agencies. They just rely on the chest to boast about their products.
(5) The good news The good news is that the vast majority of samples have a heavy metal content (in pb) of <1 mg/L, which meets the requirements of the standard. Fluorescent substances such as paper, plant fiber, and edible powder can also meet the standards. The requirements also reflect that the production companies have begun to attach importance to the quality of heavy metal content in the products and the quality of the fluorescent substances that will cause serious damage to the human body, and they have basically solved these problems technically.
Other issues that need to be reflected 1. Several issues reflected by the company's standards Some paper tableware companies believe that the standard requires excessively high technical indicators for the evaporation residues of paper, plant fibers and edible powders. Other companies believe that the test temperature should be adjusted when the standard tests the temperature resistance of the tableware. Some companies also believe that the standards stipulate that the product type is not comprehensive enough, such as not including light-biodegradable foam plastic tableware, starch-based biodegradable, inorganic-filled tableware (high recovery).
2. Suggestions (1) Strengthen the government's macro-control and make full use of economic levers Due to the shortcomings of various types of disposable biodegradable tableware with insufficient performance and high prices, they cannot meet the needs of the market, but they are forbidden once. The sudden expansion of market demand for substitutes after the use of foam plastic tableware has enabled manufacturers to produce inexpensive and high quality products for the sake of market competition and economic efficiency. At this time, the government should strengthen its macro-control ability and suggest whether it can use economic levers, such as high tax payment methods, to adjust the prices of various products, including disposable foam plastic tableware, so that their prices will remain at the same level, in the market. The demand depends mainly on the company’s legal marketing methods and consumers’ views on usage. The government can use the income from high taxation for the establishment and development of various product degradation technologies, recycling systems, etc., so as to make disposable food and beverages. A healthy and orderly development of the industry.
(2) Improving the quality of the company's own management and diligently practicing internal strength In order to better meet the needs of market competition, enterprises should improve the competitiveness of their products, strengthen product development, strictly control quality, and strengthen corporate management.
(3) Service work to effectively perform quality inspections for enterprises Due to the huge market for disposable tableware, it is bound to prompt many companies to put into production such products. In order to enable enterprises to make better decisions before investing, after production, To better control product quality and produce qualified products, testing organizations will strengthen contact with companies and effectively perform inspection services for enterprises. (National Plastic Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) Production Degradable Materials Testing Standard Working Group Weng Yunxuan) ("Plastic Packaging")
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