Application of Chinese Landscape Art in Modern Design (I)

Many western artists and designers have had a keen interest in the landscape art of China. JOHANNES ITTEN, a Swiss who once taught at Bauhaus, strongly advocated theoretical research on the landscape painting of the Northern Song Dynasty. John Eaton studied the landscape paintings of the famous painter Guo Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty. He asked the students to learn to draw trees and paintings. He also said that after the rain, the tree landscape is not applied by slanting rain and silk, but it must embody the human inner mood to express the rain. form. More than John Eaton, many western artists gave a very high appraisal of China's landscape art, and in-depth study and reference.

● Chinese landscape painting contains a wealth of ancient philosophy

What aspect of Chinese landscape paintings, or where did it make them so much interested? How does it affect the creative activities of Western artists and designers? In short, it is the charm of Chinese landscape painting. This charm contains a wealth of Chinese philosophy. Let us first look at Guo Xi who John Eaton once studied.

Guo Xi was a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he was already famous in Song Renzong and Song Yingzong. When Emperor Song Zongzong was called, Guo Xi was called into the palace and he was appointed as a painter of the Academy of Fine Arts. Later, he was promoted to the Imperial Academy for a long time. Because of teaching, not only painting, but also speaking, then Guo Xi became an art theoretician and he has a series of theoretical works: Landscape Training, Painting, Painting, and Painting. . Later, Guo Xi’s son, Guo Si, took a bachelor in Long Tuge. He compiled and compiled the speeches and manuscripts of Guo Xisheng’s life, and recorded Guo Xi’s life and painting activities and their status in “Pictures of the Paintings,” respectively. In the "Drawings", the editor-in-chief was "Lin Quan Gao Zhi Ji", which has since established Guo Xi's immortal status in the history of painting. "Lin Quan Gao Zhi Ji" was produced after the highly mature landscape paintings, which played an important role in the innovation and promotion of the Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting.

Guo Xi's landscape theory can be summarized as follows:

I. Discussed the social significance of landscape painting. He believes that the landscape paintings are created to meet the "Zhi Quan Zhi Zhi" of the class of scholars, and can make Daguan nobles "never go down to the church and sit in the pool of poor people" and become a pastime after tea. This is indeed in line with the social reality. People use food as their food. Even the people who make things up and down are even more of a problem. Where is there a leisurely view of the mountains? Where can we talk about "Lin Quan Zhi Zhi?" Therefore, only the scholar-bureaucrats of Linquan Zhizhi have this. According to Mr. Lu Xun, there is leisure and money. Therefore, only the idle class can have such an "album of Linquan." Guo Xi said: "Qiu Yuan, a nourishment source is always at the same place; springs and whistles are often enjoyed by others; fishermen's ancestors are often suitable for refuge; 猿 cranes and Fei Ming are often pro-also. Dust 嚣缰 , , 此 此 此 此 此 此 此Xie also.. Hazy Xia Sheng, this person is often willing to see but also not. However, Lin Quan Zhizhi, haze of the companion, the nightmare in the blind, eyes and ears cut off, this is a wonderful hand out of Yu Ran, no less than the court, take the poor, The sound of the birds rang in their ears, and the mountains and water were dazzling. This was not pleasant, but it was my heart. This is the reason why the nobles painted the original meaning of landscapes."

Second, Guo Xi made a good summary of the aesthetic features of Chinese landscape painting. He said: "The paradox of the world is that there are feasible people in the mountains and rivers, there are hopefuls, there are people who can visit, and there are people who can live in. The paintings here are all subtle, but they are not as good as they can be. What is it, and what? Look at mountains and rivers, and the land is occupied by hundreds of miles. There are no three or four places where you can swim, but you must take a place where you can live. The reason why a gentleman is eager to visit Lin Quan is that this is the best place. Therefore, the painter should use this idea to create, and the apprehensive person should use this meaning to be poor. This is the original meaning without losing its original meaning.” This is the aesthetic view of the class scholar’s ​​class pursuit in that era—when the landscape is “can live and swim”. From the royal gardens of imperial feudal society, we can see this "can be visited" "Linquan Zhizhi" from private gardens all over Jiangnan. China's garden art is a concrete manifestation of this kind of landscape and landscape applied to the design, and it is also a reproduction of this "Lin Quan Zhi Zhi" in the human environment. It can be said that Chinese landscape painting and landscape art have always been the textbooks of Chinese garden art design.

3. Guo Xi proposed the methodology for the creation of Chinese landscape painting. This is his important contribution.
The first is the pre-requisite moral education. This is a traditional Chinese culture. He said: "The world only knows what I wrote and painted, but I don't know that painting is not easy." Zhuangzi said that the history of painting solves the problem, and this is really the method of the painter. People need to be generous in their chests, meaning that they are comfortable, such as the so-called easy If the son of Zi Zhiran understands the spirit, then the smile of the people will be sentimental and the sharpness of the object will be seen on the side of the skull, which will naturally appear in the mind and will not be seen in the pen. Otherwise, the intention is already depressed and stagnant, the bureau is in a song, how to write the appearance and sentiment, to send people to think? If the workers listen to the piano, you have to get rid of the glorious solitude of the Yang Tong, ingenious, in the middle, then Pak wood in the ground, branches and leaves are not covered, and Lei's become a piano, Xiaoran already lies in the head. Its meaning is bothersome and devastating, and the people who stumbling on ink are seeing the knife, and they do not know where to start. , raise the tone in the breeze;"
The second is deeper life. This is still something that is inherent in Chinese culture. The so-called Wanli Road, and the 10,000-volume book is also. He said: "Learning to draw a flower from a flower in a deep pit and looking at it from above, the flowers will come to an end on four sides. Learn to draw bamboo and take a bamboo stick. At the same time, the bamboo is shaped like a dragonfly, and why is it that people who learn how to draw landscapes are covered in mountains and rivers, and the meaning of landscapes is seen in the mountains. In order to obtain quality, the true landscape is different from the four seasons: the spring melts, the Xia Yuyu, the autumn thinning, and the winter dusk.The real landscape smoke is different from the four seasons: the spring is light and smelt, the summer mountains are green and drip, and Akiyama Bright and clean, such as makeup, Winter Mountain bleak and such as "quot;;
The third is emphasizing both form and spirit, focusing more on expressiveness. He said: The mountain takes water as its veins, and uses grass and trees as its hair, and smoke clouds as the god's color, so the mountain can live in water and live. Water is a mountain, and a pavilion is an eyebrow. With the spirit of fishing and fishing, the water has a mountainous and charming landscape. It has pavilions and liveliness, fishing and fishing, and the arrangement of the landscape. The stone is also the bone of heaven and earth. The bone is deep and not exposed. Water, the blood of the heavens and the earth, the blood flows without stagnating. Mountain smokeless spring flowers. If there is no cloud in the mountains, there is no show, no water is not charming, no road is not alive, no forest is not born, no far-reaching is shallow, no pingyuan is near, no high altitude is down;
The fourth is the cultivation of sentiment, looking for creative artistic conception from poetry and poetry. He said: The former people remarked that "poetry is an intangible painting, is the painting visible?", the philosopher talks more about this statement, and we are the teachers. Yu Yinyi reads the ancient and modern poems of Jin and Tang Dynasties. In the event, there is a present situation where the present is installed, but not because of sitting quietly in the nest, the window is clean, and the scent of incense is felt. If you think about depression, then the good intentions of the good sentences do not show up. The idea is also easy! And the realm is well-accepted, the heart is already in hand, and the angle is right and left, right and left; dolcn.com
The fifth is to clarify the specific techniques of Chinese landscape painting. He said: Where the business is written, it must be in harmony with the world. There are far and near mountains in three ways. The water changes for four hours. Clouds have a tendency to flow. The smoke drifts in time, the stone has a constant attitude, and the trees move with emotion.

Fourth, emphasis on the artist's cultivation principles: four desires: "the desire to expand"; "the desire to learn"; "the desire to be numerous"; "the desire to extract essence." Second school: Learning the world. He said: There are many good rivers in Lushan, Huashan is a good mountain, Hengshan is a good place to live, Changshan is a good column, and Taishan is a great peak. They are all famous mountain towns. Mo is good at diligence, and it is better than looking at it. Learn ancients. Huai Su heard the sound of the Jialing River in the night and Sheng Yijia in the grass, and Zhang Xu saw Gongsun's aces and swords. The benevolent Leshan should be like White Paradise. The wise man, Le Shuiyi, is like Wang Moqiu's "Sui Chuan Tu". Ren Zhi is delighted to see the shape of only one man! Born in Wuyue, write the southeast of the thin; in the Xianqin Qin, the appearance of the strong Zhuang; Lang Fan Fan wide, lack of camp show of the hill; vanity division Wang Wei who lack the same strength.

Guo Xi’s landscape paintings have made great achievements. “Qiugu Yaoru” said: “Guo Xi’s landscape water, his mountain towers back and forth, water is far away, many ghosts face stone, chaos clouds, eagle claw trees, pine needles, needles, and leaves Clamps, pens, and pens are the perfect companions. “It is said that the students of the Song Dynasty Painting Academy are required to use the “Guo body” as their model. At that time, some court officials, such as Sima Guang, Huang Tingjian, and Su Shi, were very fond of collecting his paintings. Su Shi had written poems to praise him for his "Early Spring Map": "Yu Tang is in spring, and Zhong Guo has a spring painting of Guo Xi; The sound of the art's sensation of sensation. ""