In 1982, the former State Economic Commission established the Printing Technology Equipment Coordination Group. Under the leadership of Comrade Fan Muhan, the company developed the 16-word development guideline of “laser photocopying, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage†to develop the printing technology and equipment in China. Played a major guiding role, making offset printing flourish. Offset printing blanket (hereinafter referred to as blanket) is a very important and indispensable printing equipment in offset printing, with the continuous development of printing technology, The variety and quality of the blanket also raise new requirements.The blanket plays an intermediary role in the offset printing process, based on the blank part of the "hydrophilic oleophobic", while the graphic part of the "hydrophilic hydrophobic" principle, printing plate The ink was first transferred to the blanket, and then the blanket was used to transfer the ink as faithfully as possible to the substrate.At the beginning of the 60's, blankets used on the printing press in China were all imported.Since 1960, they were printed in Shanghai. After the manufacturer tried out the first blanket (ordinary field blanket), ordinary blankets have passed more than 40 years. Alternatively substantially all the ground has been blanket inlet for the printing speed of the press at about 4000 / hr.
Ordinary rubber blankets generally have two specifications (915cm × 915cm × 1.85mm) and full sheets (1200cm × 1200cm × 1.85mm). The structure is four layers of cotton cloth after bonding (the natural glue is applied between each layer. ), The surface is coated with a synthetic rubber mortar that is resistant to ink solvents.
Blanket is a kind of fine rubber product. It should faithfully transfer the ink absorbed by the graphic part of the printing plate to the printing material (usually various types of paper), and the blank part on the printing plate The version of the rubber roll will be wetted syrup in advance to ensure that it does not touch the ink, so its surface rubber must be resistant to ink, solvent resistance (when changing the printing plate to wipe the blanket), acid and alkali resistant synthetic rubber, and four layers of rubber The cloth should have good adhesion, but also give the rubber blanket a certain degree of elasticity, generally using natural rubber as the main rubber species, designing a reasonable formula. In general offset printing, the process of ink transfer to the paper is completed under a certain pressure through the reverse operation of the blanket and an impression cylinder, together with the completion of general color prints at least yellow, product, blue and black. In color, high-grade prints have 6 colors or even 8 colors. To ensure accurate overprinting, it is required that the blanket must ensure sufficient tension (blanket is tight on the roller) and good constant load elongation to ensure the blanket is printed. During the process, it will not cause the disadvantages such as the distortion of outlets and the weakness of writing. In addition, the blanket must also have a good overall flatness, surface glue can not have any size impurities, in order to ensure uniform ink transfer, clear picture level, text sharp and clear. It can be seen that the overall design of blankets involves many fields such as chemistry, polymer chemistry, and textiles, especially as the backing material for the skeleton material of the blankets. In the weaving process, we must also specialize in cotton spinning and weaving. After finishing the special processing, the warp direction (that is, the direction of the blanket wrapped in the drum) must maintain a certain degree of elongation and deformation, which is a special technical product with high technical requirements in the textile industry.
With the rapid development of printing technology, especially printing has been developing toward multi-color, high-speed (web, double-sided printing) direction, the development of supporting blankets must be compatible with it. The original ordinary blanket has been far from the demand for printing, and an air-cushionable compressible blanket (hereinafter referred to as air-cushioned blanket) came into being. The so-called air-cushion blanket is a rubber sponge layer with a very fine closed-cell between the two layers of the bottom fabric under the surface glue layer, so that the blanket as a whole has extremely excellent compression deformation resistance and instantaneous elastic recovery. In order to ensure that printing can be carried out smoothly at high speed (printers have developed into two-color, four-color, six-color, eight-color machines, and web presses, the speed of which has exceeded 10,000 sheets/hour, and even reached 6 Million/hour).
In the process of printing, the field blanket is in contact with the impression cylinder (the internal structure does not have a compressive layer) to generate shear stress, so that the surface of the blanket is inflated (or convex) on both sides of the contact roller, thus affecting the printing quality. . When the air-cushion blanket contacts the roller, the compression layer of the inner layer shrinks in the vertical direction, so that the shear stress is absorbed, and the expansion phenomenon is not generated, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of high-speed printing and ensuring the quality of the printed product. high quality.
The printing process is completed by a certain printing pressure, and the printing pressure imparted on the offset printing press is achieved by adjusting the gap between the blanket cylinder and the impression cylinder. Traditional gravure and embossed printing due to its special requirements, the printing pressure is generally about 40 silk, and the printing speed of 5 thousand / hour offset printing, the printing pressure is generally about 25 silk, but the printing speed is 1 More than 10,000 sheets per hour, especially for web printing presses, the printing speed can be as high as 60,000 sheets/hour or more. Such a high printing speed requires that the printing pressure be around 10 filaments for the printing to proceed smoothly. The technical performance of the blanket is even higher. At present, only a few industrialized countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom have air-cushion blankets. Air-cushion blankets generally require that the overall flatness error be around 1 filament, while the surface adhesive layer can only be within 40 filaments (normal blanket flatness error can be around 4 filaments, and the surface adhesive layer is around 60 filaments), otherwise it will cause Network distortions, unclear graphics levels and other ills. Therefore, in the design of the air-cushion blanket, the four-layer base fabric used as the skeleton layer of the base fabric must be designed with various thicknesses, and the contact with the surface-adhesive layer must be a fine cloth with a thickness of about 15 silk to ensure that the blanket is taut. On the roller, without revealing the texture structure of the backing fabric, and affecting the printing quality, the thickness of the middle two layers of the backing cloth is about 25 silks, and the thickness of the last layer of the backing cloth is 35 silks, and at the same time, the air-cushion rubber blanket should be given excellent compression resistance. Deformability and instantaneous elastic recovery, the key is (closed-cell) foam rubber sponge layer production. Looking at the development of air-cushion blankets at home and abroad, foreign countries began trial production in the early 1970s, domestic trials began in the mid-1980s, and production began in small batches until the mid-1990s. There are generally three methods for producing the air-cushioned closed-cell foamed layer. (1) Salting-out method (2) Chemical foaming agent method (3) Microsphere method.
Salting out uses a very fine MgSO4. The crystals are compounded into a rubber formulation and after vulcanization the salt crystals are dialyzed against water to maintain a very fine closed cell layer. Considering its long production cycle and low efficiency, it has generally been used less frequently.
The chemical foaming agent method adopts the ability to liberate CO2, N2 and other gases under certain temperature and pressure conditions, so as to match the vulcanization rate of rubber. The crosslinked layer of rubber contains this gas, thereby producing closed cells. Rubber sponge layer. At present, most air-cushion blanket manufacturers at home and abroad have adopted this method of production.
The microsphere method uses a specially processed microsphere, which is mixed into a rubber formulation, which vaporizes and swells under certain temperature and pressure conditions to form a compressed layer with a highly uniform closed cell structure. Due to issues such as patent rights, only a few foreign manufacturers use this method of production.
In the entire production process of the air-cushion blanket, in addition to the design of the base fabric and the formulation is very important, the vulcanization process is also an important factor in determining the quality of the air-cushion blanket. The domestic manufacturers of air-cushionable rubber blankets are currently adopting a drum-type vulcanizing machine to produce air-cushioned blankets due to various conditions. This is a measure of the uniformity and fineness of the closed-cell foam layer in the air-cushion blanket and the overall product quality. Elasticity has some negative effects. In addition, in order to ensure excellent flatness of the air-cushion blanket, the product needs to be ground by a continuous grinder after vulcanization. In addition to the above purpose, this process has a more important purpose is to give the rubber surface a certain degree of smoothness. People generally have a one-sided view that the smoother the blanket surface, the better. In actual fact, although the surface is smoother, the transfer to the printing plate outlets is more complete, but the worse the transfer of printing plate ink concentration (less ink), and due to the faster printing speed, especially the web printing, the eraser The smoother the surface of the cloth, the worse the paper discharge performance, and even affect the normal printing.
Thus, the purpose of grinding the surface of the blanket has two, one is to give the blanket as a whole excellent flatness, the second is to give it a certain degree of surface smoothness (but not the smoother the better) to meet the high quality printing need.
Air-cushion blanket as a new type of printing equipment with strong vitality is attracting attention from domestic and foreign manufacturers, especially in China. According to incomplete statistics, the ratio of domestic air-cushion blankets to ordinary blankets is 1:3. Ordinary rubber blankets still occupy a large share, but in the economically developed southern regions such as Shenzhen, Guangdong, and Fujian, the proportion of air-cushioned blankets and ordinary blankets has undergone a fundamental change, basically 4:1, equivalent to advanced foreign countries. . It can be seen that with the rapid development of economic construction, the printing technology will continue to develop, the demand for air-cushion blankets will increase, and with the continuous printing of new technologies such as UV (UV-curing) printing and business form printing, etc. Emerging, new requirements have also been raised for the types and specifications of air-cushion blankets. In addition, in order to maximise economic efficiency, it is faster and more convenient to exchange blankets, and in order to make the tension on the roller tighter when the blanket is tensioned, it is more even and consistent. Some blanket manufacturers make blankets before the blankets leave the factory. Both ends were pre-assembled with aluminum splints to replace the iron splints with more than a dozen screws when disassembling the blanket.
In 1999, the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association proposed the 28-character guideline for the development of the printing industry in China before 2010: “Prepress digital networking, printing multi-color high-efficiency, post-press automation, and high-quality serialization of equipmentâ€. The requirements put forward by the equipment are exactly the goals of China's equipment production. The quality of blankets in our country is still in the middle and low grades, and at the end it is of high quality, but the varieties are relatively simple and cannot form a series. This is also the direction of production efforts for printing equipment.
Ordinary rubber blankets generally have two specifications (915cm × 915cm × 1.85mm) and full sheets (1200cm × 1200cm × 1.85mm). The structure is four layers of cotton cloth after bonding (the natural glue is applied between each layer. ), The surface is coated with a synthetic rubber mortar that is resistant to ink solvents.
Blanket is a kind of fine rubber product. It should faithfully transfer the ink absorbed by the graphic part of the printing plate to the printing material (usually various types of paper), and the blank part on the printing plate The version of the rubber roll will be wetted syrup in advance to ensure that it does not touch the ink, so its surface rubber must be resistant to ink, solvent resistance (when changing the printing plate to wipe the blanket), acid and alkali resistant synthetic rubber, and four layers of rubber The cloth should have good adhesion, but also give the rubber blanket a certain degree of elasticity, generally using natural rubber as the main rubber species, designing a reasonable formula. In general offset printing, the process of ink transfer to the paper is completed under a certain pressure through the reverse operation of the blanket and an impression cylinder, together with the completion of general color prints at least yellow, product, blue and black. In color, high-grade prints have 6 colors or even 8 colors. To ensure accurate overprinting, it is required that the blanket must ensure sufficient tension (blanket is tight on the roller) and good constant load elongation to ensure the blanket is printed. During the process, it will not cause the disadvantages such as the distortion of outlets and the weakness of writing. In addition, the blanket must also have a good overall flatness, surface glue can not have any size impurities, in order to ensure uniform ink transfer, clear picture level, text sharp and clear. It can be seen that the overall design of blankets involves many fields such as chemistry, polymer chemistry, and textiles, especially as the backing material for the skeleton material of the blankets. In the weaving process, we must also specialize in cotton spinning and weaving. After finishing the special processing, the warp direction (that is, the direction of the blanket wrapped in the drum) must maintain a certain degree of elongation and deformation, which is a special technical product with high technical requirements in the textile industry.
With the rapid development of printing technology, especially printing has been developing toward multi-color, high-speed (web, double-sided printing) direction, the development of supporting blankets must be compatible with it. The original ordinary blanket has been far from the demand for printing, and an air-cushionable compressible blanket (hereinafter referred to as air-cushioned blanket) came into being. The so-called air-cushion blanket is a rubber sponge layer with a very fine closed-cell between the two layers of the bottom fabric under the surface glue layer, so that the blanket as a whole has extremely excellent compression deformation resistance and instantaneous elastic recovery. In order to ensure that printing can be carried out smoothly at high speed (printers have developed into two-color, four-color, six-color, eight-color machines, and web presses, the speed of which has exceeded 10,000 sheets/hour, and even reached 6 Million/hour).
In the process of printing, the field blanket is in contact with the impression cylinder (the internal structure does not have a compressive layer) to generate shear stress, so that the surface of the blanket is inflated (or convex) on both sides of the contact roller, thus affecting the printing quality. . When the air-cushion blanket contacts the roller, the compression layer of the inner layer shrinks in the vertical direction, so that the shear stress is absorbed, and the expansion phenomenon is not generated, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of high-speed printing and ensuring the quality of the printed product. high quality.
The printing process is completed by a certain printing pressure, and the printing pressure imparted on the offset printing press is achieved by adjusting the gap between the blanket cylinder and the impression cylinder. Traditional gravure and embossed printing due to its special requirements, the printing pressure is generally about 40 silk, and the printing speed of 5 thousand / hour offset printing, the printing pressure is generally about 25 silk, but the printing speed is 1 More than 10,000 sheets per hour, especially for web printing presses, the printing speed can be as high as 60,000 sheets/hour or more. Such a high printing speed requires that the printing pressure be around 10 filaments for the printing to proceed smoothly. The technical performance of the blanket is even higher. At present, only a few industrialized countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom have air-cushion blankets. Air-cushion blankets generally require that the overall flatness error be around 1 filament, while the surface adhesive layer can only be within 40 filaments (normal blanket flatness error can be around 4 filaments, and the surface adhesive layer is around 60 filaments), otherwise it will cause Network distortions, unclear graphics levels and other ills. Therefore, in the design of the air-cushion blanket, the four-layer base fabric used as the skeleton layer of the base fabric must be designed with various thicknesses, and the contact with the surface-adhesive layer must be a fine cloth with a thickness of about 15 silk to ensure that the blanket is taut. On the roller, without revealing the texture structure of the backing fabric, and affecting the printing quality, the thickness of the middle two layers of the backing cloth is about 25 silks, and the thickness of the last layer of the backing cloth is 35 silks, and at the same time, the air-cushion rubber blanket should be given excellent compression resistance. Deformability and instantaneous elastic recovery, the key is (closed-cell) foam rubber sponge layer production. Looking at the development of air-cushion blankets at home and abroad, foreign countries began trial production in the early 1970s, domestic trials began in the mid-1980s, and production began in small batches until the mid-1990s. There are generally three methods for producing the air-cushioned closed-cell foamed layer. (1) Salting-out method (2) Chemical foaming agent method (3) Microsphere method.
Salting out uses a very fine MgSO4. The crystals are compounded into a rubber formulation and after vulcanization the salt crystals are dialyzed against water to maintain a very fine closed cell layer. Considering its long production cycle and low efficiency, it has generally been used less frequently.
The chemical foaming agent method adopts the ability to liberate CO2, N2 and other gases under certain temperature and pressure conditions, so as to match the vulcanization rate of rubber. The crosslinked layer of rubber contains this gas, thereby producing closed cells. Rubber sponge layer. At present, most air-cushion blanket manufacturers at home and abroad have adopted this method of production.
The microsphere method uses a specially processed microsphere, which is mixed into a rubber formulation, which vaporizes and swells under certain temperature and pressure conditions to form a compressed layer with a highly uniform closed cell structure. Due to issues such as patent rights, only a few foreign manufacturers use this method of production.
In the entire production process of the air-cushion blanket, in addition to the design of the base fabric and the formulation is very important, the vulcanization process is also an important factor in determining the quality of the air-cushion blanket. The domestic manufacturers of air-cushionable rubber blankets are currently adopting a drum-type vulcanizing machine to produce air-cushioned blankets due to various conditions. This is a measure of the uniformity and fineness of the closed-cell foam layer in the air-cushion blanket and the overall product quality. Elasticity has some negative effects. In addition, in order to ensure excellent flatness of the air-cushion blanket, the product needs to be ground by a continuous grinder after vulcanization. In addition to the above purpose, this process has a more important purpose is to give the rubber surface a certain degree of smoothness. People generally have a one-sided view that the smoother the blanket surface, the better. In actual fact, although the surface is smoother, the transfer to the printing plate outlets is more complete, but the worse the transfer of printing plate ink concentration (less ink), and due to the faster printing speed, especially the web printing, the eraser The smoother the surface of the cloth, the worse the paper discharge performance, and even affect the normal printing.
Thus, the purpose of grinding the surface of the blanket has two, one is to give the blanket as a whole excellent flatness, the second is to give it a certain degree of surface smoothness (but not the smoother the better) to meet the high quality printing need.
Air-cushion blanket as a new type of printing equipment with strong vitality is attracting attention from domestic and foreign manufacturers, especially in China. According to incomplete statistics, the ratio of domestic air-cushion blankets to ordinary blankets is 1:3. Ordinary rubber blankets still occupy a large share, but in the economically developed southern regions such as Shenzhen, Guangdong, and Fujian, the proportion of air-cushioned blankets and ordinary blankets has undergone a fundamental change, basically 4:1, equivalent to advanced foreign countries. . It can be seen that with the rapid development of economic construction, the printing technology will continue to develop, the demand for air-cushion blankets will increase, and with the continuous printing of new technologies such as UV (UV-curing) printing and business form printing, etc. Emerging, new requirements have also been raised for the types and specifications of air-cushion blankets. In addition, in order to maximise economic efficiency, it is faster and more convenient to exchange blankets, and in order to make the tension on the roller tighter when the blanket is tensioned, it is more even and consistent. Some blanket manufacturers make blankets before the blankets leave the factory. Both ends were pre-assembled with aluminum splints to replace the iron splints with more than a dozen screws when disassembling the blanket.
In 1999, the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association proposed the 28-character guideline for the development of the printing industry in China before 2010: “Prepress digital networking, printing multi-color high-efficiency, post-press automation, and high-quality serialization of equipmentâ€. The requirements put forward by the equipment are exactly the goals of China's equipment production. The quality of blankets in our country is still in the middle and low grades, and at the end it is of high quality, but the varieties are relatively simple and cannot form a series. This is also the direction of production efforts for printing equipment.
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