As we all know, AM and FM in the printing industry are not as simple as the wavelength of a radio. Here are the latest developments in this area. In today's complex, fully automated prepress workflow, the hot topics of discussion focus on issues such as PDF, JDF, XML, CMS, and ICC. Screening is no longer the technology that prepress specialists are most concerned about. However, recent developments indicate that screening and other forms of network formation are still the top concerns for prepress workflow and output system manufacturers and distributors.
First, an important production tool
The benefits of optimizing screening technology are to bring more vivid prints, clearer details, no moiré and process stability to the printing companies, and companies that ignore this technology have missed a very important production control tool. .
Let us first review the development of digital screening technology. It has evolved slowly from the process of glass and contact screen screening used in the formation of analog outlets. From the early days of offset printing, printing process experts have been experimenting with dot shape, angle and number of screen lines, hoping to optimize. The effect of the printed matter and the control of the process. Digital screening provides us with a possible method of physically forming network points, making the process constraints no longer a problem.
When DTP (desktop publishing, desktop publishing) appeared, early PostscriptRip could achieve four-color and multi-color digital screening, but the quality was lower than digital screening of analog screening and dedicated high-end color systems. Experienced prepress operators may remember the extensive and intense discussion of “screening†at the end of the 1980s.
Later, there was a revolutionary change in the configuration of optimized networks, providing more screening angle choices than PostscriptLevel1. At the same time, prepress equipment manufacturers began to pay attention to PostscriptRip, and applied their rich screening knowledge to desktop publishing systems.
The real revolution is the use of FM or random screening, although it is not a new idea. In the 1980s, it had been used in digital printing processes where the dot quality was not high. Instead of using different dot sizes to simulate different continuous tone, it used the same size and was relatively small. Intervals between the dots reproduce the tone.
FM random screening was launched at the time of the most intense discussion of the Internet and received a lot of advertising and given too much expectation. Since then, the traditional screening method has been named AM (Amplitude Modulation) screening to distinguish it from FM screening.
Second, more clear results
Compared with AM, the advantage of FM is a clearer effect, because extremely small dots can produce more hues; ensuring no moire between colors and patterns, making the printing process more stable. However, it encountered many obstacles before it was applied to a wider range of non-special purpose applications.
The unfavorable conditions encountered in the early 1990s were: it was very difficult to handle in the computer to film (ctf) environment, and there was no exposure range for printing plates; Particle patterns; and it is difficult to compensate for color differences on the press by using ink thickness variations. Operators who used this method early can rarely persist.
However, during the past 10 years, a small number of prepress and printing companies have begun to use the FM screening technology in a tacit understanding to produce higher quality prints. Artistic books and high-gloss catalog products with more prone moire objects, such as textile images, speaker's pupils, and architectural designs, all benefited from FM screening technology and became a technology they were happy to use.
Third, simplify the process
As CTP technology simplifies the process, it plays an important role in the recovery of FM screening technology. In addition to film, dust and registration problems have become factors that hinder the development of FM technology.
Due to the use of CTP technology, there is no need to consider too much film edge (thickness) or dust particles, so smaller FM dots (usually in the offset 12 ~ 30μm, flexo and newspaper printing up to 70μm) can be directly on the plate form.
Another advantage of CTP technology is that a harder dot can be formed on the thermal plate for better printing results. Particles composed of laser beams can form screened dots that are predictable in imaging and printing. Any irregularity of the printing effect is not formed by the edges of the dots formed by the unfixed layers remaining on the plate.
Heidelberg's prepress program applied this technology to their CTF imaging machines a few years ago. Creo combines the company's Staccato screening technology and consulting services to enable FM screening technology to recover again. It advocates control of on-machine profits, including reduced ink usage, higher color stability, and easier ink and ink balance .
Better printing process stability has gradually shifted the offset printing from newspaper printing 65 lpi screen lines to 100 to 110 lpi (40-44 l/cm). In commercial offset printing, the number of screens is increased from 133 lpi (54 l/cm) to 175 lpi (70 l/cm), and even 200 lpi (80 l/cm) can be printed with very high quality requirements.
(to be continued)
First, an important production tool
The benefits of optimizing screening technology are to bring more vivid prints, clearer details, no moiré and process stability to the printing companies, and companies that ignore this technology have missed a very important production control tool. .
Let us first review the development of digital screening technology. It has evolved slowly from the process of glass and contact screen screening used in the formation of analog outlets. From the early days of offset printing, printing process experts have been experimenting with dot shape, angle and number of screen lines, hoping to optimize. The effect of the printed matter and the control of the process. Digital screening provides us with a possible method of physically forming network points, making the process constraints no longer a problem.
When DTP (desktop publishing, desktop publishing) appeared, early PostscriptRip could achieve four-color and multi-color digital screening, but the quality was lower than digital screening of analog screening and dedicated high-end color systems. Experienced prepress operators may remember the extensive and intense discussion of “screening†at the end of the 1980s.
Later, there was a revolutionary change in the configuration of optimized networks, providing more screening angle choices than PostscriptLevel1. At the same time, prepress equipment manufacturers began to pay attention to PostscriptRip, and applied their rich screening knowledge to desktop publishing systems.
The real revolution is the use of FM or random screening, although it is not a new idea. In the 1980s, it had been used in digital printing processes where the dot quality was not high. Instead of using different dot sizes to simulate different continuous tone, it used the same size and was relatively small. Intervals between the dots reproduce the tone.
FM random screening was launched at the time of the most intense discussion of the Internet and received a lot of advertising and given too much expectation. Since then, the traditional screening method has been named AM (Amplitude Modulation) screening to distinguish it from FM screening.
Second, more clear results
Compared with AM, the advantage of FM is a clearer effect, because extremely small dots can produce more hues; ensuring no moire between colors and patterns, making the printing process more stable. However, it encountered many obstacles before it was applied to a wider range of non-special purpose applications.
The unfavorable conditions encountered in the early 1990s were: it was very difficult to handle in the computer to film (ctf) environment, and there was no exposure range for printing plates; Particle patterns; and it is difficult to compensate for color differences on the press by using ink thickness variations. Operators who used this method early can rarely persist.
However, during the past 10 years, a small number of prepress and printing companies have begun to use the FM screening technology in a tacit understanding to produce higher quality prints. Artistic books and high-gloss catalog products with more prone moire objects, such as textile images, speaker's pupils, and architectural designs, all benefited from FM screening technology and became a technology they were happy to use.
Third, simplify the process
As CTP technology simplifies the process, it plays an important role in the recovery of FM screening technology. In addition to film, dust and registration problems have become factors that hinder the development of FM technology.
Due to the use of CTP technology, there is no need to consider too much film edge (thickness) or dust particles, so smaller FM dots (usually in the offset 12 ~ 30μm, flexo and newspaper printing up to 70μm) can be directly on the plate form.
Another advantage of CTP technology is that a harder dot can be formed on the thermal plate for better printing results. Particles composed of laser beams can form screened dots that are predictable in imaging and printing. Any irregularity of the printing effect is not formed by the edges of the dots formed by the unfixed layers remaining on the plate.
Heidelberg's prepress program applied this technology to their CTF imaging machines a few years ago. Creo combines the company's Staccato screening technology and consulting services to enable FM screening technology to recover again. It advocates control of on-machine profits, including reduced ink usage, higher color stability, and easier ink and ink balance .
Better printing process stability has gradually shifted the offset printing from newspaper printing 65 lpi screen lines to 100 to 110 lpi (40-44 l/cm). In commercial offset printing, the number of screens is increased from 133 lpi (54 l/cm) to 175 lpi (70 l/cm), and even 200 lpi (80 l/cm) can be printed with very high quality requirements.
(to be continued)
Due to the inertia of the liquid in the fitness Aqua Bag at the beginning and end of the exercise, the human body mobilizes more muscles to control. This is a good way to train the human body to accelerate, brake and change speed during exercise, and the effect is better and stronger, more fun!
â— A DOING PVC aqua bag can effectively prevent sports injuries and is safe to use.
â— You can enjoy different exercise intensities according to your personal tolerance. If you feel that the ball is too heavy, you can fill a little or half of the liquid in the ball. This is suitable for all ages. Sphere, cylinder and horn shapes can be customized.
â— The fitness Aqua bag has superior toughness, softness and comfort, wear resistance, strong aging resistance, and a long service life.
Aqua Bag,Aqua Bag Boxing,Aqua Training Bag,Aqua Punching Bag,Fitness Aqua Bag
Danyang Doing Articles Co.,Ltd , https://www.doingarticles.com