External influence
Is the impact from the outside of the watch, depending on the working environment of the watch. Often used measures are: shockproof design, waterproof design, anti-magnetic design, additional protection shell. Precision Nautical Clock often use universal joints, so navigation clock in the bumpy to be able to maintain the level.
Friction force
Friction usually has both positive and negative effects. It has positive effects on the one hand, such as the frictional minute wheel, the friction between the automatic winding of the watch and the bar, and the self-locking of the bolt. On the other hand, friction reduces the transmission efficiency And parts wear and tear, thus affecting the timing. Common solution: to improve the lubrication conditions, according to different requirements, choose different lubricants; use gem bearings or gaskets; gear tooth surface conditions, including the use of scientific conjugate tooth profile and improve the surface finish, but generally The tooth surface is non-lubricated (in this case, the resistance of the lubricant may be higher than the friction).
Needle
The speed needle is a kind of economic structure which is easy to calibrate. However, both theory and practice confirm that it will affect the isochronicity of the system and may also cause bit errors. These timing errors are relatively random in nature and can not be compensated or offset. The solution is: try to reduce the spacing between the inside and outside the needle; but the best way is no speed needle, adjust the balance by adjusting the inertia of the balance, such as Rolex Corporation Mircro stella adjustment system.
Escapement structure of mechanical watches affect the accuracy of travel time
4. Escapement structure
Escapement is mainly the impact of energy transfer process balance wheel hairspring system, balance wheel hairspring system only in the case of free shocks in order to maintain a fixed oscillation frequency, it is clear that the escapement of the energy transfer process will affect Oscillation frequency. The theory shows that this effect is reduced when the transfer process approaches the balance of the balance. The solution is: the use of precision escapement, such as claw escapement, its energy transfer occurs near the equilibrium point, Chong Chong point of view is also very small, the impact is relatively small, and its one-way pass impulse The balance spring system has more free turbulence space (at this point, the relative error can be reduced by half!). Of course, the Swiss lever escapement has the advantages of good technology, easy to adjust, is the mainstream of the current international mechanical watch escapement, but in the design, should minimize the transfer of Chong point. Swiss Omega company to reduce the influence of the escapement on the time base, launched a coaxial escapement, which is the British Dr. George Daniel's invention, but from the working principle, it is leveraged escapement and claw Escapement mixture.
5. Temperature effects
First, temperature changes will work length of gossamer, while changing the inertia of the balance wheel, can directly affect the timing accuracy; Second, the temperature changes will affect the viscosity of lubricating oil, thus affecting the transmission efficiency Impact timing. This can take the following approach: the use of open bimetal temperature balance wheel hairspring system; the use of special alloy material hairspring and balance wheel, so that in the working temperature zone (8 ° -38 °) have a certain temperature compensation; using the speed of movement Needle temperature compensation. Using standard lubricants, for extreme temperature conditions, such as the Omega moon landing, using no lubrication or solid lubrication.
Magnetic field
The gossamer, which has the most influence on the magnetic field, can change the elastic modulus of the gossamer. It also distorts the gossamer under the action of a magnetic field and generates additional stress. In severe cases, the magnetic field can cause adhesion of the gossamer and seriously affect the travel time. The solution is: use of antimagnetic material.
Gossamer balance affect the accuracy of travel time of mechanical watches
Gossamer balance
The general swinging gossamer, its center of gravity with the swing angle changes, under the action of gravity, it will have a position error. The solution is: using Breguet hairspring, the center of contraction, the center of gravity does not change with the swing angle; the use of Phillips end of the curve cylindrical hairspring and up and down symmetry; the use of linear hairspring; history has been used spherical hairspring, superior performance, but poor workmanship , Rarely practical.
Balance balance
The balance of the balance wheel components directly affects the bit difference. The static balance of the balance wheel components is a basic requirement.
If the above factors are more ideal, the watch's walking time and more stable, through the dynamic balance of the watch, can comprehensively improve travel time performance. There is a very special method: the principle is that when the balance wheel swings up to 220 degrees, the various impulses transmitted to the balance wheel have no effect on the frequency. Some people used the balance force mechanism mounted on the escape wheel to control the balance In the vicinity of 220, this is also a way.
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