Source: China Development Watch
At present, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and is in the process of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum. To achieve high-quality economic development and build a modern economic system, it is urgent to develop a modern supply chain and play a supply chain to promote supply-side structural reform.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward "cultivating new growth points and forming new kinetic energy in the fields of high-end consumption, innovation leading, green low-carbon, shared economy, modern supply chain, and human capital services." This is the first time that the Party Central Committee has proposed the concept of modern supply chain, which marks the official rise of the “modern supply chain†as a national strategy. At present, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and is in the process of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum. In order to achieve high-quality economic development and build a modern economic system, it is urgent to develop a modern supply chain and play an important role in boosting supply-side structural reforms, promoting optimal allocation of resources, and improving economic quality and efficiency. Growth points, new kinetic energy, and promote economic development quality change, efficiency change, and power change.
Characteristics and development trends of modern supply chains
The modern supply chain is a concept corresponding to the traditional supply chain. It refers to the customer demand-oriented, data as the core element, using modern information technology and modern organization to efficiently integrate, optimize and coordinate upstream and downstream enterprises and related resources. Realize the organizational form of efficient coordination of product design, procurement, production, sales and service. Compared with the traditional supply chain, the modern supply chain has the characteristics and trends of digitalization, intelligence, platform, service, green, and globalization.
(1) Digitization and Wisdom become the distinctive features of modern supply chains
The rapid development and application of modern information technology has promoted the development of the supply chain to a new stage of intelligent supply chain that is deeply integrated with the Internet and the Internet of Things. Digitalization, networking and intelligence have become prominent features of the modern supply chain. Digital empowerment gives the supply chain big data support, network sharing, and intelligent collaboration. It makes the supply chain synergy efficiency and supply chain cost significantly lower. The data shows that an effective digital supply chain can drive corporate revenue growth by 10%, procurement costs by 20%, and supply chain costs by 50%.
(2) Internet platform has become a new form of modern supply chain development
With the deepening of the application of modern information technology such as big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain in the supply chain, the organizational form of modern supply chain has gradually extended from a multinational company to a platform-oriented organization. Platformization has gradually become an important feature of the development of modern supply chains. A cross-industry, cross-regional and cross-border industrial supply chain platform with platform-based enterprises as the core, through the cooperation of different countries, different regions, different industries and different enterprises to achieve resource integration and complementary advantages, and build a close-knit global supply chain network. To achieve integrated supply chain operations, radiation has driven more and more upstream and downstream enterprises to develop in the direction of scale, clustering and specialization. At the same time, upstream and downstream related enterprises at different levels form a supply chain ecosystem of cross-border integration, platform sharing, and co-prosperity under the integration of supply chain platforms, and promote the evolution of platform-based organizations to ecological organizations.
(3) Supply chain services become an emerging service industry
The modern information technology revolution and the deepening and refinement of the industrial division of labor have promoted the separation of supply chain upstream research and development, raw material procurement, design, and downstream brand management, sales, logistics and other services, which promoted the rapid development of supply chain service outsourcing and promoted the supply chain. Service format innovation has become an important trend in the development of modern supply chains. At present, the number of enterprises providing supply chain specialization services in China is booming and the types are constantly enriched, and a number of supply chain integrated service platforms represented by Yi Yatong and Yi Da Tong are formed.
(4) Green supply chain management becomes the social responsibility of enterprises
As global ecological warming, environmental pollution and other major ecological and environmental issues become increasingly prominent, green and sustainable development have become global issues. Under the concept of sustainable development, cross-country, cross-regional and cross-sectoral supply chains are increasingly being asked for sustainability, social and ecological responsibility. In 2015, the “Green Supply Chain†entered the APEC issue and became one of the most watched topics in the world. At present, many multinational companies regard “green supply chain†management as an important task of social responsibility, and integrate sustainable development and environmental protection into supply chain management. For example, since 2011, Huawei has included the NGO Public Environmental Research Center (IPE) environmental search into the supplier audit list and self-checklist, requiring suppliers with problems to rectify within a time limit, and focusing on building a green supply chain. Huawei is in IPE green in 2017. The supply chain CITI index ranked sixth, domestic companies ranked first.
(5) The global economy enters the era of supply chain coordination
With the continuous development of economic globalization, regional economic and trade agreements have been continuously upgraded, and supply chain management has also evolved from the synergy of domestic enterprises to a cooperative mode of cooperation among regional or global enterprises. Especially with the development of Internet technology, the division of labor in the world has changed from industrial division based on comparative advantage to supply chain division based on factor advantage. Multinational enterprises participating in global division of labor have formed a reciprocal interdependence relationship. In recent years, influenced by factors such as the rise of trade protectionism, although the process of economic globalization has slowed down, the global value chain and supply chain division of labor have been formed, and the trend is irreversible. In the global supply chain coordination system, trade and investment between countries in the world are increasingly interrelated and mutually influential. You have me, I have you, and the interests are harmonious and mutually beneficial.
The important role of modern supply chain in the supply-side structural reform
Promoting the structural reform of the supply side is a major strategic arrangement made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core to profoundly grasp the new global economic structure and the general trend of China's economic development. It is to solve the problems of imbalance between supply and demand and overcapacity in economic development and lead China's economy. Innovative initiatives for high quality development. As a bridge and link connecting the supply side and the demand side, the modern supply chain is an important starting point for promoting the supply-side structural reform in a market-oriented manner. The development of modern supply chains is conducive to the use of advanced supply chain management technologies and models to replace the inefficient and extensive operating models of the past, to promote cost reduction and efficiency, to optimize supply structure, supply quality and supply efficiency, and to promote high-quality economic development.
(1) Conducive to achieving cost reduction targets
For a long time, China's logistics costs are high. In 2017, the ratio of total social logistics expenditure to GDP in China was 14.6%. Although it has dropped by 3.4 percentage points from 2012, it is still 5-6 percentage points higher than that of developed countries such as the United States. At present, China is at a critical stage in the transition from high cost and high growth to low-cost medium-to-high growth. With the gradual deepening of the supply-side structural reforms, “cost reduction†has entered a difficult stage. To further reduce the cost of enterprises, there must be new ways. New ideas. By integrating various resources, the modern supply chain optimizes internal and external business processes, strengthens the entire process from R&D and design, manufacturing to after-sales service, and manages the entire chain, which can effectively reduce the operating costs and transaction costs of enterprises. By integrating and optimizing the supply chain, Haier promoted business process reengineering, reducing corporate inventories by 33%, manufacturing costs by 10%, management costs by 6%, and timely delivery by 35%.
(2) Conducive to improving supply quality and efficiency
From the perspective of economic development, as China's industrialization process has entered the middle and late stages of industrialization, the gap between general technical level and advanced countries has been greatly reduced. Under this circumstance, it is necessary to improve the supply structure and create new supply. The most important thing is to improve supply. effectiveness. The key to efficiency improvement is to promote the optimal allocation and integration of factor resources in a market-oriented way. With the help of Internet, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other information technologies, the modern supply chain promotes timely and accurate market response in accordance with upstream and downstream strategic synergies, rational decision-making, orderly production, and open up design and production from the front end. To the circulation, final consumption and other aspects, greatly improve production efficiency and circulation efficiency, and promote accurate matching of supply and demand and industrial transformation and upgrading. The McKinsey research report shows that the transformation of operations through supply chain and other means can increase labor productivity in China by 15%-30%. Through the efficient supply chain system, ZARA, an internationally renowned chain retail brand, can keep abreast of the sales situation and inventory changes of each store in the world, and respond quickly to the trend of market consumption. The design and production of new garments will be completed within one week.
(3) Conducive to cultivating new economic kinetic energy
At present, China's economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and is in the process of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum. Affected by the increasingly complex and volatile international economic situation, China's economy is facing shrinking exports, traditional overcapacity, and bottlenecks in the development of traditional kinetic energy. It is urgent to deepen supply-side structural reforms and foster new kinetic energy. Through the integration and optimization of resources, the modern supply chain is conducive to promoting the development of new formats and new models and promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. It is a new impetus and new engine for economic development. On the one hand, in the process of integration of manufacturing and service industry, by promoting cross-border integration, optimization and innovation of supply chain, new services and business models can be generated, professional supply chain services can be formed, and new economic growth points can be cultivated. On the other hand, cultivating new kinetic energy for economic development must focus not only on the development of new formats, new industries and new models, but also on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. In the process of upgrading traditional industries, by transforming the traditional supply chain and realizing the digitalization, networking and intelligent development of the supply chain, it can promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and form new kinetic energy for economic development.
(4) Conducive to complementing the shortcomings of industrial development
In the international division of labor system, China has long been “locked in†to the low-end link of the global value chain dominated by multinational corporations in developed countries. In recent years, under the influence of factors such as the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the implementation of the “re-industrialization†strategy in Europe and the United States, the international economic and trade pattern has undergone fundamental changes, and the international industrial transfer has formed a “high-end link back to developed countriesâ€. The trend of shifting to lower-cost regions such as Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Africa, and promoting the accelerated restructuring of global value chains led by multinational corporations in developed countries, leading to the continued expansion of China’s use of traditional advantages in the expansion of global value chains. The smaller the model, which is dependent on the development of global value chains led by developed countries, is unsustainable. It is urgent to explore new development models and promote the high-end extension of industries to global value chains. The modern supply chain organically integrates all the links in the global value chain to ensure the seamless connection of industry-related logistics and finance, promote the coordinated development of upstream and downstream industries, and gradually improve the design, R&D, procurement and back-end brands of the front-end. Logistics, marketing, financial and other service capabilities are conducive to China's enterprises to get rid of dependence on multinational corporations in developed countries, promote the manufacturing industry to move toward the middle and high-end, and build a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster.
Developing the modern supply chain to help the supply-side structural reform
Bringing into play the role of modern supply chain to promote supply-side structural reform, it should be guided by market demand and supported by modern information technology, accelerate the deep application of modern supply chain in various industries and fields, and build and optimize key cities and key industries. The supply chain system of key enterprises, fostering new formats and new models for the development of supply chains, promoting the digitalization, platformization, service and green development of the supply chain, forming new economic growth points and new kinetic energy, promoting the development and transformation of the real economy, and upgrading and upgrading. .
(1) Cultivate a digital and professional supply chain platform to create new kinetic energy for economic development
A digital and professional supply chain platform is the core force driving the development of modern supply chains. To comply with the development trend of the digital economy, accelerate the application of information technology such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, blockchain, etc. in supply chain management, encourage powerful enterprises to build digital and specialized supply chain platforms, and build big data support. The intelligent supply chain system of networked sharing and intelligent collaboration realizes the whole system, life cycle and all-round linkage with the hardware and software manufacturing resources of upstream and downstream enterprises, and enhances the informationization, networking and wisdom of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain. Improve the level of rapid response and reduce supply chain costs.
The digital and specialized supply chain platform should focus on three major categories:
The first is to cultivate a comprehensive service platform for the supply chain. Encourage third-party logistics enterprises and foreign trade enterprises to transform into supply chain service enterprises, build a comprehensive supply chain service platform, integrate high-quality resources from different regions, different industries, and different enterprises, and comprehensively cover the upstream procurement network of the industry chain and the storage and circulation of the middle reaches. Network and downstream sales service network, providing supply chain integration services integrating transaction, financing, settlement, logistics and distribution, import and export agency, brand cultivation, marketing and promotion, etc., to realize resource integration, complementary advantages and coordinated sharing of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. .
The second is to cultivate a production and sales synergy supply chain platform. Guided by the demand side, the company encourages enterprises to explore and develop a synergistic supply chain platform for production and sales, create a large-scale personalized supply chain and intelligent manufacturing supply chain, and drive supply, procurement, stocking and distribution systems with precise demand forecast, and strengthen the supply chain. Synergy, improve the response speed and synergy level of raw materials procurement, production, logistics, distribution, etc., and promote the integrated development of production and sales.
The third is to cultivate a supply chain financial service platform. Encourage supply chain service enterprises and related logistics enterprises to cooperate with banks and e-commerce platforms, and rely on the risk control and credit system formed by data sharing of all parties to create digital, intelligent and visualized financial services for the upstream and downstream of the supply chain. SMEs provide integrated financial and financial services such as online credit, factoring, guarantee, settlement, and wealth management to reduce supply chain financing costs and improve the efficiency of supply chain financial services.
(II) Promoting the innovation and application of industrial cluster supply chain and improving the industrial supply chain system
Since the reform and opening up, China has successively established a number of industrial parks, such as economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial parks, and customs bonded zones, which have effectively promoted the development of China's industrial agglomeration. In the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Rim, a number of banks have been formed. Influential industrial clusters at home and abroad. However, in recent years, with the increase of factor costs and the implementation of “Internet + Strategyâ€, the development space faced by China's traditional industrial clusters has been squeezed, the industrial chain is imperfect, and the competitiveness of clusters is becoming increasingly prominent. It is urgently needed in industrial clusters. Strengthen supply chain innovation and application, effectively improve industrial synergies, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to build a variety of supply chain collaboration platforms around the common needs of enterprises in the industrial cluster in product design, material procurement, manufacturing, inspection and testing, logistics and marketing, through collaborative design, collaborative procurement, and collaboration. Manufacturing, collaborative logistics and financial services, improve the industrial supply chain system, and promote the complementary and common development of online platforms and offline industrial clusters. On the other hand, it is necessary to give play to the integration and service capabilities of supply chain resources of leading enterprises in different industrial clusters, design, plan, control and optimize the logistics, business flow, information flow and capital flow in the supply chain, and promote the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises. To rapidly improve the innovation and application level of the supply chain.
(3) Promoting enterprises to implement green supply chain management and promote industrial green transformation and upgrading
Promoting enterprises to implement green supply chain management and building a green supply chain system is the core of practicing green development concepts and deepening supply-side structural reforms. At present, the development of China's green supply chain is still in the preliminary exploration stage. Compared with developed countries, the awareness of green management in Chinese enterprises is relatively weak, and the environmental pollution caused by various logistics activities in the supply chain is still relatively serious. Taking the recovery rate of packaging materials as an example, there is a big gap between China and developed countries. The data shows that the actual recovery rate of paperboard and plastics in China's express delivery industry is less than 10% in 2017, and the overall recovery rate of packaging materials is less than 20%. Most of these packaging materials are directly sent to landfill for landfill, which brings great pressure to the urban environment. . In some developed countries, the recycling rate of cardboard packaging is about 45%, and the recovery rate of plastic packaging is about 25%.
Therefore, we must take the industry and enterprises as the core, accelerate the construction of procurement, production, marketing, recycling and logistics systems oriented to resource conservation and environmental friendliness, formulate strict green product standards, and explore the establishment of unified green product standards, certification, and identification. System to achieve green development of the supply chain. On the one hand, it is necessary to take the enterprise as the core, implement green supply chain management, encourage enterprises to preferentially purchase and use energy-saving and water-saving equipment, promote clean production and green manufacturing, produce green energy-saving and environmentally friendly products, expand the supply of green products, and improve the quality of green products. On the other hand, it is necessary to build a green supply chain with key industries as the core and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. In agriculture, the use of green technology to protect and improve the agro-ecological chain, establish and expand the green supply chain of agricultural products, vigorously develop the agricultural recycling economy, promote the organicization of agriculture, pollution-free development, and achieve sustainable growth of the agricultural economy. In the manufacturing sector, promote the development of green supply chain management in the industries of electronics, automobiles, steel, textiles, etc., and promote the formation of scientific and technological content through green transformation of product design, raw material selection, manufacturing process, logistics, recycling and final disposal. The industrial supply chain with high, low resource consumption and low environmental pollution promotes the green transformation and upgrading of the industry. In the service industry, we must focus on the circulation links closely linked to production and consumption, adopt modern information technology and management methods to transform the traditional circulation model, continue to implement demonstration projects such as green procurement, green marketing, and green shopping malls, and encourage express delivery enterprises to develop Recycling packaging materials to promote the "green circulation revolution" and guide consumers to green consumption.
(4) Promoting the integration of advantageous industries into the global supply chain, helping “to de-capacity†and “compensating for shortcomingsâ€
Seize the opportunity of “One Belt and One Road†construction and international capacity cooperation development, actively promote enterprises to deeply participate in global industrial chain, value chain competition, cooperation and division of labor, deepen integration of global supply chain system, promote domestic “over-going†of excess capacity, and actively build China The corporate-led global supply chain enhances the position of Chinese industry in the global value chain. First, combined with the actual situation of industrialization in the countries and regions along the “Belt and Road†and the actual situation of industrial development, with the cooperation of production capacity as the starting point, accelerate the labor-intensive industries of clothing, shoes and hats, and the capital-intensive industries with excess capacity such as steel, coal and cement. Industry, helping to "go capacity." The second is to promote the transfer of advantageous technology-intensive industries such as electronic information and equipment manufacturing to countries along the route. By promoting the deep cooperation of the entire industrial chain of the upper, middle and lower reaches, the “One Belt, One Road†industrial cooperation will be promoted from the processing and manufacturing links to cooperative R&D and joint ventures. Design, marketing, brand cultivation and other high-end links in the global value chain to create a global supply chain system in which China has an active position, complementary advantages, and mutual benefit. The third is to promote the construction of border economic cooperation zones, cross-border economic cooperation zones and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones along the “Belt and Roadâ€, encourage enterprises to set up overseas distribution and service networks, logistics distribution centers, overseas warehouses, etc., and establish a supply chain system based on the local market. Improve the ability of supply chain coordination and resource allocation across the globe to create a more globally competitive industrial cluster.
Editor in charge: Ge Hongyan
Proofreading: Ge Hongyan
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